Bahan bakar etanol: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Etanol]] dapat digunakan sebagai [[bahan bakar]] untuk [[mobil]], baik sendiri ([[Campuran bahan bakar methanol umum|E100]]) dalam mesin khusus atau sebagai tambahan [[bensin]] untuk mesin [[bensin]].
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Etanol dapat dicampur dengan bensin dalam kuantitas yang bervariasi untuk mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar minyak bumi, dan juga untuk mengurangi [[polusi udara]]. Bahan bakar tersebut dikenal di [[AS]] sebagai [[gasohol]] dan di [[Brasil]] sebagai [[bensin tipe C]]. Dua campuran umum di AS adalah E10 dan E85 yang mengandung 10% dan 85% etanol. Sedangkan campuran yang umum di Brasil adalah bensin tipe C dan jenis oktan tinggi, yang mengandung 20-25% ethanol.
Etanol juga belakangan mulai digunakan sebagai [[oksigenat]] untuk bensin standar, sebagai pengganti [[MTBE]]. MTBE ini bertanggung jawab atas kontaminasi air tanah dan tanah. <ref>http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/monthly_oxygenate_report/current/pdf/819mhilt.pdf</ref>. Etanol juga dapat digunakan dalam [[sel bahan bakar]].
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Ethanol derived from [[crop]]s ('''bio-ethanol''') is a potentially [[sustainable]] energy resource that may offer environmental and long-term economic advantages over [[fossil fuel]] (gasoline). It is readily obtained from the [[sugar]] or [[starch]] in crops such as [[maize]], [[miscanthus]] and [[sugarcane]]. Ethanol made from maize, however, was found to use a significant amount of energy compared to the energy value of the produced fuel.<ref name="Rapier-1">Rapier, R. ([[March 23]] [[2006]]) [http://i-r-squared.blogspot.com/2006/03/grain-derived-ethanol-emperors-new.html "Grain-Derived Ethanol: The Emperor’s New Clothes "] R-Squared Energy Blog</ref> On the other hand, sugarcane has enough energy not only for completely sustained ethanol production, but also for generating surplus (currently at 108 MJ/tonne), that may be sold to [[utilities]]. [[Sustainability]] of ethanol production is not only a matter of [[energy balance]], but of availability of land area and soil and [[biodiversity]] [[preservation]].
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== Referensi ==
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*Henry Ford, Charles Kettering and the Fuel of the Future (history of ethanol) [http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/papers/fuel.html]
*[http://rael.berkeley.edu/ Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory's] survey article *[http://rael.berkeley.edu/EBAMM/FarrellEthanolScience012706.pdf Ethanol Can Contribute to Energy and Environmental Goals] (.pdf format). Published in [[Science (journal)|Science]], January 27, 2006
*David Cohn, "[http://www.seedmagazine.com/news/2006/03/ethanols_new_cheap_trick.php Ethanol's New Cheap Trick]", ''[http://www.seedmagazine.com Seed Magazine]''" March 31, 2006
*[http://www.drivingethanol.org/ DrivingEthanol.org]
*[http://www.e85safety.com/ e85 ethanol information]
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*[http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/earth/2690341.html?page=1&c=y How far can you drive on a bushel of corn? Crunching the numbers on alternative fuels. Popular Mechanics] May, 2006 issue
*Robert Rapier, "[http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/rapier/2006/0623.html Ethanol Investing: Counterpoint]", ''[http://www.financialsense.com/index.html Financial Sense]''" June 23, 2006
*[http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB114970102238673892-uqIEiWAFNkIRiwjTyXcyf7ywToI_20070608.html?mod=blogs Digging into the Ethanol Debate] Wall Street Journal Online, June 9, 2006.
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-570288889128950913&q=engEDU Biofuels: Think Outside The Barrel]-- Google talk on ethanol by [[Vinod Khosla]], a Silicon Valley billionaire (requires media player)
*[http://www.andersonsinc.com/ The Andersons Agriculture & Ethanol Company]
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*[http://www.cdxetextbook.com/fuelSys/alternate/fuelBatt/03.html Ethanol & Methanol] - Article by Rob Rodriguez (ASE) on CDX ''e''Textbook
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