Penapis tumor M2-PK: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Penapis tumor M2-PK''' adalah [[penapis tumor]] yang pada mulanya diperuntukkan untuk mendeteksi polip, tumor atau kanker pada [[usus besar]], tetapi karena kemampuannya yang tinggi, maka penapis tumor M2-PK juga digunakan untuk menapis jenis tumor-tumor lainnya.
== M2-PK ==
M2-PK muncul pada banyak tumor.<ref name="Reinacher">{{cite journal|author = Reinacher M, Eigenbrodt E|title = Immunohistological demonstration of the same type of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme (M2-PK) in tumors of chicken and rat |journal = Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. |year = 1981|volume = 37|pages = 79–88|pmid = 6116351|doi = 10.1007/BF02892557|issue = 1}}</ref><ref name="Brinck">{{cite journal|author = Brinck U, Eigenbrodt E, Oehmke M, Mazurek S, Fischer G|title = L- and M2-pyruvate kinase expression in renal cell carcinomas and their metastases |journal = Virchows Arch. |year = 1994|volume = 424|pages = 177–185|pmid = 8180780|doi = 10.1007/BF00193498|issue = 2}}</ref><ref name="Steinberg">{{cite journal|author = Steinberg P, Klingelhöffer A, Schäfer A, Wüst G, Weisse G, Oesch F, Eigenbrodt E|title = Expression of pyruvate kinase M2 in preneoplastic hepatic foci of N-nitrosomorpholine-treated rats |journal = Virchows Arch. |year = 1999|volume = 434|pages = 213–220|pmid = 10190300|doi = 10.1007/s004280050330|issue = 3}}</ref> PK-M1 akan berubah menjadi PK-M2 selama proses terjadinya tumor.<ref name="Christofk2008b">{{cite journal | author = Christofk HR, Vander Heiden MG, Harris MH, Ramanathan A, Gerszten RE, Wei R, Fleming MD, Schreiber SL, Cantley LC | title = The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth | journal = Nature | volume = 452 | issue = 7184 | pages = 230–3 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18337823 | doi = 10.1038/nature06734 }}</ref>Tes M2-PK adalah [[
Ensim M2-PK adalah ensim kunci dari kanker usus besar dan polip. Deteksi M2-PK tidak bergantung pada darah pada kotoran manusia dan tes ini lebih spesifik terhadap metabolisme tumor. Positip palsu yang mungkin terjadi karena [[wasir]]/ambeien dan pendarahan non-tummor/polip dapat diabaikan dalam tes M2-PK ini, oleh karenanya tes M2-PK dapat dilakukan pada saat terjadinya pendarahan ataupun tidak. Tes M2-PK dapat mendeteksi 80.3% dari [[kanker usus besar]].<ref>C. Tonus, M. Sellinger u. a.: Faecal pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 for colorectal cancer screening: A meta-analysis. In: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. Band 18, Nummer 30, August 2012, S. 4004–4011, ISSN 1007-9327. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i30.4004. PMID 22912551. PMC 3419997.</ref> Tes M2-PK boleh dilakukan mulai pada mereka yang belum memperlihatkan gejala adanya [[kanker usus besar]]. Peningkatan konsentrasi pada M2-PK selalu harus diikuti oleh [[kolonoskopi]] untuk pengambilan sampel jika dibutuhkan dan dilakukan [[biopsi]]. Biopsi inilah yang disebutkan penegakan diagnosis, bukan kolonoskopinya.
▲Ensim M2-PK adalah ensim kunci dari kanker usus besar dan polip. Deteksi M2-PK tidak bergantung pada darah pada kotoran manusia dan tes ini lebih spesifik terhadap metabolisme tumor. Positip palsu yang mungkin terjadi karena [[wasir]]/ambeien dan pendarahan non-tummor/polip dapat diabaikan dalam tes M2-PK ini, oleh karenanya tes M2-PK dapat dilakukan pada saat terjadinya pendarahan ataupun tidak. Tes M2-PK dapat mendeteksi 80.3% dari [[kanker usus besar]].<ref>C. Tonus, M. Sellinger u. a.: Faecal pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 for colorectal cancer screening: A meta-analysis. In: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. Band 18, Nummer 30, August 2012, S. 4004–4011, ISSN 1007-9327. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i30.4004. PMID 22912551. PMC 3419997.</ref> Tes M2-PK boleh dilakukan mulai pada mereka yang belum memperlihatkan gejala adanya [[kanker usus besar]]. Peningkatan konsentrasi pada M2-PK selalu harus diikuti oleh [[kolonoskopi]] untuk pengambilan sampel jika dibutuhkan dan dilakukan [[biopsi]]. Biopsi inilah yang disebutkan penegakan diagnosis, bukan kolonoskopinya.[[en:M2-PK Test]]
M2-PK, yang diukur dari kotoran manusia, adalah [[penapis tumor]] yang wahid untuk [[kanker usus besar]]. Pengukuran pada kotoran manusia dengan [[cutoff value]] 4 U/ml, sensitivitas/kepekaannya diperkirakan sebesar 85% (dengan 95% [[confidence interval]] dari 65 hingga 96%) untuk kanker usus besar dan 56% (confidence interval 41–74%) untuk kanker anus (rectal cancer).<ref name=Haug2007>{{cite doi|10.1038/sj.bjc.6603712}}</ref> Spesifisitasnya adalah 95%.<ref>http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/pdf/v18/i30/4004.pdf</ref>
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Banyak orang lebih menyukai medical check-up yang tidak invasif. Karenanya, penggunaan [[penapis tumor]] M2-PK pada kotoran manusia, dengan tindak lanjut kolonoskopi jika hasilnya positip, boleh jadi membuktikan kemajuan dalam deteksi dini kanker usus besar. Penggunaan penapis tumor M2-PK yang tidak invasif dan murah, jelas menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan penggunaan [[kolonoskopi virtual]] yang juga tidak invasif, tetapi sangat mahal.
Penapis tumor M2-PK juga berguna untuk menapis [[kanker paru-paru]] dan lebih baik daripada penapis tumor [[Small-cell carcinoma|SCC]] dan [[Enolase 2|NSE]]. Jadi dapat lebih akurat, sekaligus menghemat biaya.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17882813 |year=2007 |last1=Oremek |first1=G |last2=Kukshaĭte |first2=R |last3=Sapoutzis |first3=N |last4=Ziolkovski |first4=P |title=The significance of TU M2-PK tumor marker for lung cancer diagnostics |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=56–8 |journal=Klinicheskaia meditsina}}</ref>Selengkapnya penapis tumor M2-PK dapat menapis [[kanker usus besar]],<ref name=Haug2007>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6603712 |title=Tumour M2-PK as a stool marker for colorectal cancer: Comparative analysis in a large sample of unselected older adults vs colorectal cancer patients |year=2007 |last1=Haug |first1=U |last2=Rothenbacher |first2=D |last3=Wente |first3=M N |last4=Seiler |first4=C M |last5=Stegmaier |first5=C |last6=Brenner |first6=H |journal=British Journal of Cancer}}</ref> [[Breast cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11326672 |year=2000 |last1=Lüftner |first1=D |last2=Mesterharm |first2=J |last3=Akrivakis |first3=C |last4=Geppert |first4=R |last5=Petrides |first5=PE |last6=Wernecke |first6=KD |last7=Possinger |first7=K |title=Tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase expression in advanced breast cancer |volume=20 |issue=6D |pages=5077–82 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=20592362 |year=2010 |last1=Benesch |first1=C |last2=Schneider |first2=C |last3=Voelker |first3=HU |last4=Kapp |first4=M |last5=Caffier |first5=H |last6=Krockenberger |first6=M |last7=Dietl |first7=J |last8=Kammerer |first8=U |last9=Schmidt |first9=M |title=The clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of pyruvate kinase M2 and pAkt expression in breast cancer |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=1689–94 |journal=Anticancer research }}</ref> [[renal cell carcinoma]]<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11326675 |year=2000 |last1=Oremek |first1=GM |last2=Sapoutzis |first2=N |last3=Kramer |first3=W |last4=Bickeböller |first4=R |last5=Jonas |first5=D |title=Value of tumor M2 (Tu M2-PK) in patients with renal carcinoma |volume=20 |issue=6D |pages=5095–8 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=10470199 |year=1999 |last1=Wechsel |first1=HW |last2=Petri |first2=E |last3=Bichler |first3=KH |last4=Feil |first4=G |title=Marker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): The dimeric form of pyruvate kinase type M2 (Tu M2-PK) |volume=19 |issue=4A |pages=2583–90 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref> [[Kanker paru-paru]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=12624710 |year=2003 |last1=Schneider |first1=J |last2=Peltri |first2=G |last3=Bitterlich |first3=N |last4=Philipp |first4=M |last5=Velcovsky |first5=HG |last6=Morr |first6=H |last7=Katz |first7=N |last8=Eigenbrodt |first8=E |title=Fuzzy logic-based tumor marker profiles improved sensitivity of the detection of progression in small-cell lung cancer patients |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=185–91 |doi=10.1007/s102380300005 |journal=Clinical and experimental medicine}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17882813 |year=2007 |last1=Oremek |first1=G |last2=Kukshaĭte |first2=R |last3=Sapoutzis |first3=N |last4=Ziolkovski |first4=P |title=The significance of TU M2-PK tumor marker for lung cancer diagnostics |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=56–8 |journal=Klinicheskaia meditsina}}</ref> [[Pancreatic cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11326648 |year=2000 |last1=Hardt |first1=PD |last2=Ngoumou |first2=BK |last3=Rupp |first3=J |last4=Schnell-Kretschmer |first4=H |last5=Kloer |first5=HU |title=Tumor M2-pyruvate kinase: A promising tumor marker in the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal cancer |volume=20 |issue=6D |pages=4965–8 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref> [[Esophageal Cancer]],<ref name="DoiMEGbef">{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/MEG.0b013e3280102f78 |title=Tumour M2-pyruvate kinase: A gastrointestinal cancer marker |year=2007 |last1=Kumar |first1=Yogesh |last2=Tapuria |first2=Niteen |last3=Kirmani |first3=Naveed |last4=Davidson |first4=Brian R. |journal=European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=265}}</ref> [[Stomach Cancer]],<ref name="DoiMEGbef" /> [[Cervical Cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=15210041 |year=2004 |last1=Kaura |first1=B |last2=Bagga |first2=R |last3=Patel |first3=FD |title=Evaluation of the Pyruvate Kinase isoenzyme tumor (Tu M2-PK) as a tumor marker for cervical carcinoma |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=193–6 |doi=10.1111/j.1447-0756.2004.00187.x |journal=The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research}}</ref> [[Ovarian Cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17479666 |year=2007 |last1=Ahmed |first1=AS |last2=Dew |first2=T |last3=Lawton |first3=FG |last4=Papadopoulos |first4=AJ |last5=Devaja |first5=O |last6=Raju |first6=KS |last7=Sherwood |first7=RA |title=M2-PK as a novel marker in ovarian cancer. A prospective cohort study |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=83–8 |journal=European journal of gynaecological oncology}}</ref> Karena kegunaannya yang banyak maka penapis tumor M2-PK dapat digunakan sebagai penapis tumor awal yang dapat menggantikan CEA, CA-125 dan CA19-9 yang sensitivitasnya rendah.
▲Selengkapnya penapis tumor M2-PK dapat menapis [[kanker usus besar]],<ref name=Haug2007>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6603712 |title=Tumour M2-PK as a stool marker for colorectal cancer: Comparative analysis in a large sample of unselected older adults vs colorectal cancer patients |year=2007 |last1=Haug |first1=U |last2=Rothenbacher |first2=D |last3=Wente |first3=M N |last4=Seiler |first4=C M |last5=Stegmaier |first5=C |last6=Brenner |first6=H |journal=British Journal of Cancer}}</ref> [[Breast cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11326672 |year=2000 |last1=Lüftner |first1=D |last2=Mesterharm |first2=J |last3=Akrivakis |first3=C |last4=Geppert |first4=R |last5=Petrides |first5=PE |last6=Wernecke |first6=KD |last7=Possinger |first7=K |title=Tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase expression in advanced breast cancer |volume=20 |issue=6D |pages=5077–82 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=20592362 |year=2010 |last1=Benesch |first1=C |last2=Schneider |first2=C |last3=Voelker |first3=HU |last4=Kapp |first4=M |last5=Caffier |first5=H |last6=Krockenberger |first6=M |last7=Dietl |first7=J |last8=Kammerer |first8=U |last9=Schmidt |first9=M |title=The clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of pyruvate kinase M2 and pAkt expression in breast cancer |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=1689–94 |journal=Anticancer research }}</ref> [[renal cell carcinoma]]<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11326675 |year=2000 |last1=Oremek |first1=GM |last2=Sapoutzis |first2=N |last3=Kramer |first3=W |last4=Bickeböller |first4=R |last5=Jonas |first5=D |title=Value of tumor M2 (Tu M2-PK) in patients with renal carcinoma |volume=20 |issue=6D |pages=5095–8 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=10470199 |year=1999 |last1=Wechsel |first1=HW |last2=Petri |first2=E |last3=Bichler |first3=KH |last4=Feil |first4=G |title=Marker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): The dimeric form of pyruvate kinase type M2 (Tu M2-PK) |volume=19 |issue=4A |pages=2583–90 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref> [[Kanker paru-paru]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=12624710 |year=2003 |last1=Schneider |first1=J |last2=Peltri |first2=G |last3=Bitterlich |first3=N |last4=Philipp |first4=M |last5=Velcovsky |first5=HG |last6=Morr |first6=H |last7=Katz |first7=N |last8=Eigenbrodt |first8=E |title=Fuzzy logic-based tumor marker profiles improved sensitivity of the detection of progression in small-cell lung cancer patients |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=185–91 |doi=10.1007/s102380300005 |journal=Clinical and experimental medicine}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17882813 |year=2007 |last1=Oremek |first1=G |last2=Kukshaĭte |first2=R |last3=Sapoutzis |first3=N |last4=Ziolkovski |first4=P |title=The significance of TU M2-PK tumor marker for lung cancer diagnostics |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=56–8 |journal=Klinicheskaia meditsina}}</ref> [[Pancreatic cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11326648 |year=2000 |last1=Hardt |first1=PD |last2=Ngoumou |first2=BK |last3=Rupp |first3=J |last4=Schnell-Kretschmer |first4=H |last5=Kloer |first5=HU |title=Tumor M2-pyruvate kinase: A promising tumor marker in the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal cancer |volume=20 |issue=6D |pages=4965–8 |journal=Anticancer research}}</ref> [[Esophageal Cancer]],<ref name="DoiMEGbef">{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/MEG.0b013e3280102f78 |title=Tumour M2-pyruvate kinase: A gastrointestinal cancer marker |year=2007 |last1=Kumar |first1=Yogesh |last2=Tapuria |first2=Niteen |last3=Kirmani |first3=Naveed |last4=Davidson |first4=Brian R. |journal=European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=265}}</ref> [[Stomach Cancer]],<ref name="DoiMEGbef" /> [[Cervical Cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=15210041 |year=2004 |last1=Kaura |first1=B |last2=Bagga |first2=R |last3=Patel |first3=FD |title=Evaluation of the Pyruvate Kinase isoenzyme tumor (Tu M2-PK) as a tumor marker for cervical carcinoma |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=193–6 |doi=10.1111/j.1447-0756.2004.00187.x |journal=The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research}}</ref> [[Ovarian Cancer]],<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17479666 |year=2007 |last1=Ahmed |first1=AS |last2=Dew |first2=T |last3=Lawton |first3=FG |last4=Papadopoulos |first4=AJ |last5=Devaja |first5=O |last6=Raju |first6=KS |last7=Sherwood |first7=RA |title=M2-PK as a novel marker in ovarian cancer. A prospective cohort study |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=83–8 |journal=European journal of gynaecological oncology}}</ref> Karena kegunaannya yang banyak maka penapis tumor M2-PK dapat digunakan sebagai penapis tumor awal yang dapat menggantikan CEA, CA-125 dan CA19-9 yang sensitivitasnya rendah.[[en:Tumor marker]]
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:Onkologi]]
[[Kategori:Penapis tumor]]
[[en:Tumor marker]]
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