Budaya Sarawak: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Glorious Engine (bicara | kontrib)
Glorious Engine (bicara | kontrib)
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[[Berkas:Ngajat, the Iban's Warrior Dance.jpg|thumb|left|''Ngajat'', tari prajurit Iban ditampilkan sebagai bagian dari budaya Sarawak.]]
Tradisi lisan telah menjadi bgian dari budaya berbagai penduduk asli di Sarawak dari generasi ke generasi. Tradisi tersebut digunakan untuk memberikan pelajaram hidup, tradisi, dan nilai-nilai kepada generasi yang lebih muda. Cerita-cerita dikisahkan secara berulang oleh kaum tua kepada kaum muda, seperti penceritaan bagian-bagian pada perayaan-perayaan khusus dan melalui penampilan tradisional.<ref name="Oral traditions">{{cite book|last1=Pandian|first1=A|last2=Ching Ling|first2=L|last3=Ai Lin|first3=T|title=New Literacies: Reconstructing Language and Education|date=16 October 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6956-0|pages=95–97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzxQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97|accessdate=1 January 2016|chapter=Chapter VII – Developing Literacy and Knowledge, Preservation skills among Remote Rural Children}}</ref><ref group=note>Pandian, 2014. it became the primary means of passing culture, history, and valued traditions. ... in the fact that oral literature is actualised only in performances; (page 95)</ref> Beberapa praktik tradisional tersebut adalah tari Ngajat Iban,<ref>{{cite web|title=Tarian Ngajat Identiti Istimewa Masyarakat Iban (Ngajat dances a special identity for the Ibans)|url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html|publisher=Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (Malaysian Ministry of Information)|accessdate=31 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425041224/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/budaya/6645-tarian-ngajat-identiti-istimewa-masyarakat-iban-.html|archivedate=25 April 2015 }}</ref> ''Renong'' (repertori vokal Iban),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nie|first1=C.L.K|last2=Durin|first2=A|title=Renong, An Iban Vocal Repertory (Conference paper)|url=http://ir.unimas.my/2557/|publisher=Universiti Malaysia Sarawak|accessdate=31 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231081606/http://ir.unimas.my/2557/|archivedate=31 December 2015}}</ref> ''Ensera'' (pengisahan lisan Iban),<ref name=Ibanmalaysian>{{cite book|last1=John|first1=Postill|title=Media and Nation Building: How the Iban became Malaysian|date=15 May 2006|publisher=[[Berghahn Books]]|isbn=978-0-85745-687-8|page=58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5_gtJQFin4C&pg=PA59|accessdate=13 November 2015|quote=because of his strong defence of English as the language of instruction in Sarawak&nbsp;... ,(page 58)}}</ref><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ... four were oral narratives ... (page 51)</ref> dan pengisahan epik oleh Kayan dan Kenyah.<ref>{{cite book|last1=MacDonald|first1=M.R.|title=Traditional Storytelling Today: An International Sourcebook|date=16 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-91721-0|page=208|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFNcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT208|accessdate=1 January 2016|chapter=The tradition of storytelling in Malaysia|quote=The Kayan and the Kenyah, who dwell in the upper region of Sarawak, have a vibrant epic-telling tradition that is elaborate and specialised.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Law|first1=Daryll|title=Preserve traditional culture for prosperity, Iban's urged|url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/|accessdate=31 December 2015|publisher=New Sarawak Tribune|date=14 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231053701/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/13258/Preserve-traditional-culture-for-prosperity-Ibans-urged/|archivedate=31 December 2015}}</ref> Biro Kesusastraan Borneo berdiri dari 1958 sampai 1977; biro tersebut menyimpan dokumentasi budaya-budaya lokal, pengarang-pengarang lokal, dan publikasi-publikasi dalam bahasa Inggris, Tionghoa, Melayu, Iban dan bahasa-bahasa asli lainnya. Biro tersebut digantikan oleh [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] (DBP) pada 1977, yang hanya mengadvokasikan publikasi dalam bahasa Melayu.<ref name=Ibanmalaysian /><ref group=note>Postill, 2006. ;... to encourage local authorship and meet local needs&nbsp;... (page 51) ... The Bureau ceased to exist in 1977 when it was taken over by the federal body Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.(page 55) ... He concludes that DBP cannot publish books in regional languages (pages 59 and 60)</ref> Dokumentasi tradisi-tradisi lisan juga dilakukan oleh Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) dan Dewan Adat Istiadat Sarawak.<ref name="Oral traditions" /><ref group=note>Pandian, 2014. carried out by the Institute of East Asian Studies at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS),(page 96) ... Sarawak Customs Council has documented ... (page 97)</ref> ''Sarawak Gazette'' mula-mula diterbitkan oleh pemerintah Brooke pada 1870. Publikasi tersebut mencatat berbagai berita di Sarawak terkait ekonomi, pertanian, antropologi, dan arkeologi. ''Gazette'' masih dipublikasikan sampai sekarang.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sarawak Gazette now available online|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online/|accessdate=5 January 2016|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=31 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509202403/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/31/sarawak-gazette-now-available-online|archivedate=9 May 2015}}</ref> ''Hikayat Panglima Nikosa'', yang dicetak pada 1876 di Kuching, adalah salah satu publikasi teks terawal di Borneo.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=J.H|title=Hikayat Panglima Nikosa and the Sarawak Gazette: Transforming Texts in Nineteenth Century Sarawak|journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]]|date=13 April 2005|volume=39|issue=2|page=427|doi=10.1017/S0026749X04001507|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=293102|accessdate=1 January 2016}}</ref> Ditulis oleh Ahmad Syawal Abdul Hamid, karya tersebut juga merupakan novel pertama Malaysia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Syed Omar|first1=S.O|title=Novel Malaysia – Catatan sejarah awal (Malaysian novel – Early historical records)|url=http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2001&dt=1201&sec=Sastera&pg=sa_01.htm|accessdate=1 January 2016|publisher=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|date=1 December 2001|language=Melayu}}</ref> Tradisi-tradisi penduduk asli juga menjadi sumber penulisan untuk para pengarang Tionghoa Sarawak.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pik Shy |first1=F |title=Malaysian Chinese Literary Works in a Multicultural Environment |date=December 2013 |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=11 |url=http://ics.um.edu.my/images/ics/CAPFV3N2/Fanps.pdf |accessdate=2 January 2016 |publisher=Universiti Malaya |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102121953/http://ics.um.edu.my/images/ics/CAPFV3N2/Fanps.pdf |archivedate=2 January 2016 }}</ref>
 
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