Percobaan Michelson-Morley: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Michelsonmorley-boxplot.svg|thumb|Data dari percobaan the Michelson-Morley]]
'''Percobaan Michelson-Morley''', salah satu percobaan paling penting dan masyhur dalam [[sejarah fisika]], dilakukan pada tahun [[1887]] oleh [[Albert Michelson]] dan [[:en:Edward Morley|Edward Morley]] di tempat yang sekarang menjadi kampus [[:en:Case Western Reserve University|Case Western Reserve University]]
Dalam percobaan ini Michelson dan Morley berusaha mengukur kecepatan planet [[Bumi]] terhadap ether, yang pada waktu itu dianggap sebagai medium perambatan gelombang [[cahaya]]. Analisis terhadap hasil percobaan menunjukkan kegagalan pengamatan pergerakan bumi terhadap ether.<ref>[http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SR/experiments.html#the_MMX Experimental Basis of Special Relativity:The Michelson-Morley Experiment]</ref>
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== Percobaan-percobaan selanjutnya ==
=== Uji optik ===
Pengujian optik isotropi kecepatan cahaya menjadi lebih umum.<ref group=A >Relativity FAQ (2007): [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SR/experiments.html What is the experimental basis of Special Relativity?]</ref> Teknologi baru, termasuk penggunaan [[laser]] dan [[maser]], telah meningkatkan ketepatan pengukuran secara signifikan.<!-- (In the following table, only Essen (1955), Jaseja (1964), and Shamir/Fox (1969) are experiments of Michelson–Morley type, ''i.e.'' comparing two perpendicular beams. The other optical experiments employed different methods.)-->
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=== Percobaan dengan resonator optik ===
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=== Pengujian lain terhadap invariansi Lorentz ===
<!--{{Further|Modern searches for Lorentz violation}}-->
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Contoh-contoh percobaan yang tidak didasarkan pada prinsip Michelson–Morley, yaitu pengujian isotropi non-optik yang menghasilkan tingkat ketepatan yang bahkan lebih tinggi, adalah [[:en:Hughes–Drever experiment|Perbandingan jam atau percobaan Hughes–Drever]].<!-- In Drever's 1961 experiment, <sup>7</sup>Li nuclei in the ground state, which has total angular momentum ''J''=3/2, were split into four equally spaced levels by a magnetic field. Each transition between a pair of adjacent levels should emit a photon of equal frequency, resulting in a single, sharp spectral line. However, since the nuclear wave functions for different ''M<sub>J</sub>'' have different orientations in space relative to the magnetic field, any orientation dependence, whether from an aether wind or from a dependence on the large-scale distribution of mass in space (see [[Mach's principle]]), would perturb the energy spacings between the four levels, resulting in an anomalous broadening or splitting of the line. No such broadening was observed. Modern repeats of this kind of experiment have provided some of the most accurate confirmations of the principle of [[Lorentz covariance|Lorentz invariance]].--><ref group=A name=haugan/>
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<ref>E.W. silversmith "Special Relativity", Nature magazine, vol. 322 [AUG. 1986], P.590: the filed exists, per the United States Air Force research, and it measured precisely as Michaelson and Morely predicted.</ref>
=== Bibliografi (referensi seri "A") ===
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<!--<ref name=blum>{{cite book
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== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat|Michelson–Morley experiment}}
* {{Wikibooks-inline|links=[[b:Special Relativity/Aether#Mathematical analysis of the Michelson Morley Experiment|Mathematical analysis of the Michelson Morley Experiment]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Roberts |first=T |last2=Schleif |first2=S |last3=Dlugosz |first3=JM (ed.) |year=2007 |title=What is the experimental basis of Special Relativity? |url=http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SR/experiments.html |work=Usenet Physics FAQ |publisher=[[University of California, Riverside]]}}
* {{en icon}} [http://carnap.umd.edu/phil250/aether_drift/interferometers.html Interferometer yang digunakan dalam percobaan hanyutan ether dari 1881-1931]
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