Kejahatan kebencian: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
||
Baris 3:
Contoh dari kelompok sosial, biasanya berdasarkan: [[jenis kelamin]], [[suku bangsa]], kaum [[difabel]], [[bahasa]], [[kebangsaan]], [[penampilan fisik]], [[agama]], identitas [[jender]] atau [[orientasi seksual]].<ref name="williams">{{cite web|last=Stotzer|first=R.|url=http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Stotzer-Comparison-Hate-Crime-June-2007.pdf|format=PDF|title=Comparison of Hate Crime Rates Across Protected and Unprotected Groups|work= [[Williams Institute]]|date= June 2007|accessdate=2012-03-17}} "A hate crime or bias motivated crime occurs when the perpetrator of the crime intentionally selects the victim because of his or her membership in a certain group."</ref><ref name="FBI2013">{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/hate-crime/2013/resource-pages/methodology/methodology_final|title=FBI — Methodology|work=FBI}}</ref><ref name="Streis">Streissguth, Tom (2003). ''Hate Crimes'' (Library in a Book), p.3. ISBN 0-8160-4879-7.</ref> Aksi nonkriminal yang dimotivasi oleh alasan tersebut biasanya disebut "[[insiden bias]]".
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Kekerasan komunal]]
* [[Diskriminasi]]
* [[Kelompok pembenci]]
* [[Pelecehan]]
* [[Perundungan]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons category|Hate crimes}}
{{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=yes lcheading=Hate crimes}}
* [http://www.hate-crime.org hate-crime.org]
* [http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/hate_crimes.html Hate crimes information, by Dr. Gregory Herek]
* Alexander Verkhovsky [http://www.sova-center.ru/files/books/osce-laws-eng-16.pdf Criminal Law on Hate Crime, Incitement to Hatred and Hate Speech in OSCE Participating States] – The Hague: [[SOVA Center]], 2016 - 136 pages. ISBN 978-5-98418-039-9
* [http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/discrimination/pages.aspx?id=157 ''Hate Crime Survey''], annual [[Human Rights First]] report on the prevalence of hate crimes in the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] region.
* [https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm#hate ''Hate Crime Statistics''], annual [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]/[[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] report on the prevalence of hate crimes in the United States. Required by the [[Hate Crime Statistics Act]].
* [http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/162304.pdf A Policymaker's Guide to Hate Crimes], a publication by the [[National Criminal Justice Reference Service]], part of the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]]. Many parts of this article have been adapted from this document.
* [http://www.tolerance.org/ Tolerance.org], a web project sponsored by the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]
* Peabody, Michael "[http://www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/710/1/105/ Thought & Crime]," Liberty Magazine, March/April 2008, review of recently proposed hate crime legislation and criminal intent issues.
* [http://oxfordbibliographiesonline.com/display/id/obo-9780195396607-0022 "Hate Crime." Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology.]
* [http://hatecrime.osce.org/ OSCE ''Hate Crime Reporting'' website]
[[Kategori:Pidana]]
| |||