Salamanca: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[image:salamanca-plaza.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Salamanca: Plaza Mayor]]

 

 

Kota ini didirikan pada jaman sebelum [[Roma]] oleh orang-orang [[Vaceos]], sebuah suku setempat, sebagai satu dari sepasang benteng untuk mempertahankan wilayah mereka dekat Sungai [[Duero]] (benteng satunya lagi menjadi [[Zamora]]). Pada abad ke-3 SM, [[Hannibal]] menyerang kota ini. Dengan jatuhnya [[Karthago]] ke tangan Roma, kota ini mulai menjadi pusat komersial penting.

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The old [[Romanesque]] cathedral was founded in the 12th century. The [[dome]] that covers its crossing springs from a double arcade that is daringly pierced with windows, a distant reflection of [[Hagia Sophia]]. The mass of four pinnacles at the outside corners counter the thrust of the dome's weight. The thrust of the vaulting is borne by four massive pinnacles. The vault of the [[apse]] was frescoed by the Early Renaissance painter Nicolas Florentino. The adjoining "new" cathedral (''illustration, left'') was built in stages from 1509 and combines Late [[Gothic architecture]], particularly in the interior, with the Renaissance style called Plateresque. It was still being finished in 1734. In the treasury is the bronze crucifix that was carried into battle before [[El Cid]].

 

In [[1218]], [[Alfonso IX of Castile]] founded the first Christian university in Iberia here, the [[University of Salamanca|university]], (''illustration, bottom right''), which is regaining some of the prestige it lost under Franco, Salamanca having been a bastion of his supporters. Under the patronage of the learned [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X]], its wealth and reputation greatly increased (1252-1282), and its schools of canon law and civil law attracted students even from the Universities of Paris and Bologna. At the height of the university, in the 16th century, one in five of Salamanca's residents was a student, and the city's fortunes depended on those of the university. About the time [[Christopher Columbus]] was lecturing there on his discoveries, [[Hernán Cortés]] took classes at Salamanca, but returned home in 1501 at age 17, without completing his course of study, looking for something to do. (About ten years later the ''conquistador'' Francisco Vásquez de Coronado]] was born in the city.) It was scholars of the University, heavilly influenced by the Paris-based Scottish philosopher [[John Mair]], who established in Spanish law (at the Council of [[Burgos]], 1512) the right to life and liberty of the [[indigenous]] peoples of America - perhaps the first ever international statement of [[human rights]]. [[Miguel de Unamuno]] was a student here as was [[Miguel de Cervantes]]. [[Ignatius Loyola]], while studying at Salamanca in 1527, was brought before an ecclesiastical commission on a charge of sympathy with the [[illuminati|''alumbrados'']], but escaped with an admonition. In the next generation St [[John of the Cross]] studied at Salamanca and so did the poet and writer [[Mateo Aleman]].

[[image:salamanca-univ.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The main façade of the Universidad de Salamanca]]

 

 

Kota ini cukup besar untuk memberikan berbagai keuntungan dari sebuah kota sungguhan, tetapi pada saat yang sama kota ini mempertahankan keintiman kehidupan sebuah desa. Sejak 1923, "Los Charros" (yang resminya bernama [[Union Deportiva Salamanca]] (Persatuan Olahraga Salamanca), menjadi tim sepakbola dari kota ini.