Kenneth Kaunda: Perbedaan antara revisi
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==Early life==
Kaunda was the youngest of eight children. He was born at Lubwa Mission in [[Chinsali]], Northern Province of [[Northern Rhodesia]], now [[Zambia]]. His father was the Reverend David Kaunda, an ordained [[Church of Scotland]] missionary and teacher, who was born in [[Malawi]] and had moved to Chinsali to work at Lubwa Mission. He attended Munali Training Centre in [[Lusaka]] (August
Kaunda was a teacher at the Upper Primary School and Boarding Master at Lubwa and then Headmaster at Lubwa from [[1943]] to [[1945]]. He left Lubwa for Lusaka to become an instructor in the army but was dismissed. He was for a time working at the [[Salisbury and Bindura Mine]]. In early 1948, he became a teacher in [[Mufulira]] for the United Missions to the Copperbelt (UMCB). He was then assistant at an African Welfare Centre and Boarding Master of a Mine School in Mufulira. In this period, he was leading a Pathfinder Scout Group and was Choirmaster at a Church of Central Africa Congregation. He was also for a time Vice-Secretary of the Nchanga Branch of Congress.
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In April 1949 Kaunda returned to Lubwa to become part-time teacher, but resigned in 1951. In that year he became Organising Secretary of the [[Northern Rhodesian African National Congress]] for Northern Province, which included at that time Luapula Province. On [[11 November]] [[1953]] he moved to Lusaka to take up the post of Secretary General of the ANC, under the presidency of [[Harry Nkumbula]]. The combined efforts of Kaunda and Nkumbula were unsuccessful in mobilizing African people against the White-dominated [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]]. In 1955 Kaunda and Nkumbula were imprisoned for two months (with hard labour) for distributing "subversive" literature. Such imprisonment and other forms of harassment were normal rites of passage for African nationalist leaders. The experience of imprisonment had a radicalizing impact on Kaunda. The two leaders drifted apart as Nkumbula became increasingly influenced by white liberals and was seen as being willing to compromise on the issue of Black [[majority rule]]. Nkumbula's allegedly autocratic leadership of the ANC eventually resulted in a split. Kaunda broke from the ANC and formed the [[Zambian African National Congress]] (ZANC) in October [[1958]]. ZANC was banned in March [[1959]]. In June Kaunda was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment, which he spent first in Lusaka, then in Salisbury (Harare).
While Kaunda was in prison, [[Mainza Chona]] and other nationalists broke away from the ANC and, in October 1959, Chona became the first president of the [[United National Independence Party]] (UNIP), the successor to ZANC. However, Chona did not see himself as the party's main founder. When Kaunda was released from prison in January 1960 he was elected President of UNIP. In July 1961 Kaunda organized a [[civil disobedience]] campaign in Northern Province, the so called Cha-cha-cha campaign, which consisted of burning schools and blocking roads. Kaunda ran as a UNIP candidate during the [[1962]] elections. This resulted in a
==Presidency==
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