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== Keimaman, kehidupan religius, selibat ==
{{further|Sakramen Imamat (Gereja Katolik)|Selibat klerikal (Gereja Katolik)|Hidup bakti}}
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In the Catholic Church, only men may become [[ordination|ordained]] clergy through the sacrament of [[Holy Orders]], as [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishops]], [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priests]] or [[deacon]]s. (see [[Catholic Church hierarchy]]) All clergy who are bishops form the [[College of Bishops]] and are considered the successors of the apostles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Canon 42|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG1199/_P16.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Canon 375|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1D.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref>{{#tag:ref| Only bishops can administer the sacrament of Holy Orders; and, in the [[Latin Rite]], [[Confirmation]] is ordinarily reserved to them.<ref name="OneFaith114">Barry, p. 114.</ref> Bishops are responsible for teaching and governing the faithful of their diocese, sharing these duties with the priests and deacons who serve under them. Only priests and bishops may celebrate the [[Eucharist]] and administer the sacraments of [[Penance]] and [[Anointing of the Sick]]. They and deacons may preach, teach, baptize, witness marriages and conduct funeral services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions About Deacons|url=http://www.usccb.org/deacon/faqs.shtml|author=Committee on the Diaconate|publisher=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref> Baptism is normally performed by clergy but is the only sacrament that may be administered in emergencies by any Catholic or even a non-Christian "who has the intention of baptizing according to the belief of the Catholic Church".<ref name="Shreck227">Schreck, p. 227.</ref> Married men may become deacons, but only [[celibate]] men can ordinarily be ordained as priests in the [[Latin Rite]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Canon 1037|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3R.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Canon 1031|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3Q.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref> Married clergymen who have converted to the Church from other denominations are sometimes exempted from this rule.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cholij| first=Roman|title=Priestly Celibacy in Patristics and in the History of the Church|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cclergy/documents/rc_con_cclergy_doc_01011993_chisto_en.html|publisher=Vatican|year=1993|accessdate=6 April 2008}}</ref> The [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] ordain both celibate and married men.<ref>{{cite news | last =Niebuhur| first =Gustav| title =Bishop's Quiet Action Allows Priest Both Flock And Family| work =The New York Times| date =16 February 1997| url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07EEDD133FF935A25751C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|accessdate=4 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = 1990 Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium, Canons 285, 373, 374, 758| publisher =Libreria Editrice Vaticana|year= 1990| url = http://www.gwo.cz/pravda/1990_Code_of_Canon_Law.htm|accessdate=12 September 2008}}</ref> All rites of the Catholic Church maintain the ancient tradition that marriage is not allowed after ordination. Men with transitory homosexual leanings may be ordained deacons following three years of prayer and chastity, but homosexual men who are sexually active, or those who have deeply rooted homosexual tendencies cannot be ordained.<ref name="vatdocord">{{cite news |url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20051104_istruzione_en.html|author=Pope Benedict XVI|publisher=Vatican|date= 4 November 2005|title=Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref>|group=note}} ▼
▲InDalam theGereja CatholicKatolik, Church,hanya kaum pria onlyyang mendapat maymenjadi becomeklerus [[ ordinationpenahbisan| ordainedtertahbis]] clergymelalui through[[Sakramen theImamat sacrament(Gereja of [[HolyKatolik)|Sakramen OrdersImamat]], assebagai [[ BishopUskup ( CatholicGereja ChurchKatolik)| bishopsuskup]], [[ PriesthoodKeimaman (Catholicdalam Church)Gereja Katolik| priestsimam]] , oratau [[ deacondiakon]] s. ( seelih. [[ Catholichierarki ChurchGereja hierarchyKatolik]]) AllSemua clergyklerus whoyang areadalah bishopsuskup form themembentuk [[ CollegeDewan ofUskup|Kolegium Bishopspara Uskup]] anddan aredipandang consideredsebagai thepenerus-penerus successors[[Kedua ofbelas therasul|para apostlesrasul]].<ref> {{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 42|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG1199/_P16.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref><ref> {{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 375|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1D.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref>{{#tag:ref| Hanya Onlypara bishopsuskup canyang administerdapat themelayankan sacramentSakramen ofImamat Holyatau OrdersTahbisan; anddan, in thedalam [[ Ritus Latin Rite]], [[ ConfirmationPenguatan]] is ordinarilyumumnya reserveddilayankan tooleh themmereka.<ref name="OneFaith114">Barry, p. 114.</ref> BishopsPara areuskup responsiblebertanggung forjawab teachingmengajar anddan governingmemimpin theumat faithfulberiman ofdalam theirkeuskupan diocesemereka masing-masing, sharingberbagi thesetugas dutiesdengan withpara theimam priestsdan anddiakon yang deaconsmelayani whodi servebawah underotoritas themmereka. OnlyHanya priests andpara bishopsimam maydan celebrateuskup theyang dapat mempersembahkan [[ EucharistEkaristi]] andserta administermelayankan the[[Sakramen sacramentsTobat of(Gereja [[PenanceKatolik)|Sakramen Rekonsiliasi]] anddan [[ AnointingPengurapan ofOrang the SickSakit]]. TheyMereka anddan para deaconsdiakon maydapat preachberkhotbah, teachmengajar, baptizemembaptis, witnessmenjadi marriagessaksi andperkawinan, conductdan funeralmemimpin servicesibadat pemakaman.<ref> {{en}} {{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions About Deacons|url=http://www.usccb.org/deacon/faqs.shtml|author=Committee on the Diaconate|publisher=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref> BaptismBaptisan isbiasanya normallydilakukan performedoleh bykaum clergyklerus, buttetapi isjuga themerupakan onlysatu-satunya sacramentsakramen thatyang maydapat bedilayankan administereddalam inkeadaan emergenciesdarurat byoleh anysemua Catholicumat Katolik oratau evenbahkan aseorang non- ChristianKatolik " whoyang hasmemiliki theniat intentionmembaptis ofmenurut baptizingkeyakinan accordingGereja to the belief of the Catholic ChurchKatolik".<ref name="Shreck227">Schreck, p. 227.</ref> MarriedKaum pria yang telah menmenikah maydapat becomemenjadi deaconsdiakon, buttetapi onlyhanya kaum pria yang [[ celibateselibat]] menyang canbiasanya ordinarilydapat beditahbiskan ordainedsebagai asimam priests in thedalam [[ Ritus Latin Rite]].<ref> {{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 1037|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3R.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref><ref> {{en}} {{cite web |title=Canon 1031|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3Q.HTM|publisher=Vatican|work=1983 [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Code of Canon Law]]|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref> MarriedKaum clergymenklerus whopria haveyang convertedtelah tomenikah, theyang Churchadalah fromkonver otherke denominationsdalam areGereja sometimesKatolik exempteddari fromdenominasi thisKristen rulelainnya, terkadang dikecualikan dari aturan tersebut.<ref> {{en}} {{cite web |last=Cholij| first=Roman|title=Priestly Celibacy in Patristics and in the History of the Church|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cclergy/documents/rc_con_cclergy_doc_01011993_chisto_en.html|publisher=Vatican|year=1993|accessdate=6 April 2008}}</ref> The [[ EasternGereja CatholicKatolik ChurchesTimur]] ordainmenahbiskan bothkaum celibatepria andyang selibat maupun yang marriedtelah menmenikah.<ref> {{en}} {{cite news | last =Niebuhur| first =Gustav| title =Bishop's Quiet Action Allows Priest Both Flock And Family| work =The New York Times| date =16 February 1997| url =https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07EEDD133FF935A25751C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|accessdate=4 April 2008}}</ref><ref> {{la}} {{cite web | title = 1990 Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium, Canons 285, 373, 374, 758| publisher =Libreria Editrice Vaticana|year= 1990| url = http://www.gwo.cz/pravda/1990_Code_of_Canon_Law.htm|accessdate=12 September 2008}}</ref> AllSemua ritesritus ofGereja theKatolik Catholicmempertahankan Churchtradisi maintainkuno thebahwa ancientpernikahan traditiontidak thatdiperbolehkan marriagesetelah ispenahbisan. notKaum allowedpria afterdengan ordination.kecenderungan Menhomoseksual withsementara transitorydapat homosexualditahbiskan leaningsmenjadi maydiakon besetelah ordainedtiga deaconstahun followingmenjalani threehidup years[[doa]] ofdan prayer[[kemurnian and(kebajikan)|kemurnian]], chastitytetapi, butkaum homosexualpria menhomoseksual whoyang areaktif sexuallysecara activeseksual, oratau thosemereka whoyang havememiliki deeplyakar rootedkecenderungan homosexualhomoseksual tendenciesmendalam, cannottidak bedapat ordainedditahbiskan.<ref name="vatdocord"> {{en}} {{cite news |url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_20051104_istruzione_en.html|author=Pope Benedict XVI|publisher=Vatican|date= 4 November 2005|title=Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders|accessdate=9 March 2008}}</ref>|group=note}}
The Church practice of celibacy is based on [[Jesus]]' example and his teaching as given in {{bibleverse||Matthew|19:11–12}} as well as the writings of St. Paul, who spoke of the advantages celibacy allowed a man in serving the Lord.<ref name="Schreck255">Schreck, p. 255.</ref> Celibacy was "held in high esteem" from the Church's beginnings. It is considered a kind of spiritual marriage with Christ, a concept further popularized by the early Christian theologian [[Origen]]. Clerical celibacy began to be demanded in the 4th century, including [[papal decretal]]s beginning with [[Pope Siricius]].<ref name="Bokenkotter54">Bokenkotter, p. 54.</ref> In the 11th century, mandatory celibacy was enforced as part of efforts to reform the medieval church.<ref name="Bokenkotter145">Bokenkotter, p. 145.</ref>
Praktik selibat Gereja didasarkan pada teladan [[Yesus]] dan ajaran-Nya sebagaimana diberikan dalam Matius 19:11–12 serta tulisan-tulisan St. Paulus, yang berbicara mengenai keuntungan-keuntungan selibat yang memungkinkan seorang pria melayani Tuhan sepenuhnya.<ref name="Schreck255">Schreck, p. 255.</ref> Selibat "dijunjung tinggi" sejak awal mula Gereja. Selibat dipandang sebagai satu bentuk pernikahan rohani dengan Kristus, suatu konsep yang dipopulerkan lebih lanjut oleh teolog Kristen awal [[Origenes]]. [[Selibat klerikal (Gereja Katolik)|Selibat klerikal]] mulai disyaratkan pada abad ke-4, sebagaimana terlihat dalam [[dekretal|dekretal-dekretal kepausan]] sejak [[Paus Sirisius]].<ref name="Bokenkotter54">Bokenkotter, p. 54.</ref> Pada abad ke-11, kewajiban selibat klerikal diberlakukan sebagai bagian dari upaya-upaya untuk mereformasi gereja abad pertengahan.<ref name="Bokenkotter145">Bokenkotter, p. 145.</ref>
The Catholic view is that since the [[twelve apostles]] chosen by Jesus were all male, only men may be ordained in the Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web|last=Paragraph number 1577 |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |year=1994 |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p2s2c3a6.htm#III |accessdate=8 February 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221163643/http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p2s2c3a6.htm#III |archivedate=21 February 2008 }}</ref> While some consider this to be evidence of a discriminatory attitude toward women,<ref name="Bokenkotter496">Bokenkotter, p. 496.</ref> the Church believes that Jesus called women to different yet equally important vocations in Church ministry.<ref name="Benedict180">Pope Benedict XVI, pp. 180–181, quote: "The difference between the discipleship of the Twelve and the discipleship of the women is obvious; the tasks assigned to each group are quite different. Yet Luke makes clear—and the other Gospels also show this in all sorts of ways—that 'many' women belonged to the more intimate community of believers and that their faith-filled following of Jesus was an essential element of that community, as would be vividly illustrated at the foot of the Cross and the Resurrection."</ref> Pope John Paul II, in his apostolic letter Christifideles Laici, states that women have specific vocations reserved only for the female sex, and are equally called to be disciples of Jesus.<ref name="CFL">{{cite web | last =John Paul II| first =Pope| title =Christifideles Laici| publisher =Vatican| year =1988| url =http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_30121988_christifideles-laici_en.html|accessdate=17 March 2008}}</ref> This belief in different and complementary roles between men and women is exemplified in [[Pope Paul VI]]'s statement "If the witness of the Apostles founds the Church, the witness of women contributes greatly towards nourishing the faith of Christian communities".<ref name="CFL"/>
Salah satu pandangan Katolik adalah karena [[kedua belas rasul]] yang dipilih oleh Yesus itu laki-laki semua, maka hanya kaum pria yang dapat ditahbiskan di dalam Gereja Katolik.<ref>{{KGK|1577|long=yes}}</ref> Kendati beberapa orang menganggap hal ini sebagai bukti adanya suatu sikap diskriminatif terhadap kaum wanita,<ref name="Bokenkotter496">Bokenkotter, p. 496.</ref> Gereja meyakini bahwa Yesus memanggil kaum wanita untuk panggilan yang berbeda namun sama pentingnya di dalam pelayanan Gereja.<ref name="Benedict180">Paus Benediktus XVI, hlm. 180–181, kutipan: "Perbedaan antara pemuridan Kedua Belas Rasul dan pemuridan kaum wanita adalah jelas; tugas-tugas yang diberikan kepada masing-masing kelompok adalah cukup berbeda. Namun Lukas memperjelasnya—dan Injil lainnya juga memperlihatkan hal ini dengan berbagai macam cara—bahwa 'banyak' wanita yang menjadi bagian dari komunitas umat beriman yang lebih intim dan bahwa dukungan mereka kepada Yesus yang dilandasi oleh iman merupakan suatu elemen penting dalam komunitas tersebut, sebagamana yang kemudian terilustrasikan secara gamblang di kaki Salib dan [saat] Kebangkitan."</ref> Paus Yohanes Paulus II, dalam surat apostoliknya ''Christifideles Laici'', menyatakan bahwa kaum wanita memiliki panggilan-panggilan khusus yang hanya diperuntukkan bagi jenis kelamin perempuan, dan sama-sama dipanggil untuk menjadi murid-murid Yesus.<ref name="CFL">{{en}} {{cite web | last =John Paul II| first =Pope| title =Christifideles Laici| publisher =Vatican| year =1988| url =http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_30121988_christifideles-laici_en.html|accessdate=17 March 2008}}</ref> Keyakinan akan peranan-peranan yang berbeda dan saling melengkapi antara kaum pria dan kaum wanita ditunjukkan dalam pernyataan [[Paus Paulus VI]]: "Jika kesaksian para Rasul mendirikan Gereja, [maka] kesaksian kaum wanita memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar bagi pemeliharaan iman dalam komunitas-komunitas Kristiani".<ref name="CFL"/>
== Peranan kaum wanita ==
{{Main|Kaum wanita dalam Gereja Katolik}}
Ajaran resmi Gereja memandang kaum wanita dan kaum pria setara, berbeda, dan "saling melengkapi".<ref name="Kreeft61" /> Suatu [[devosi Katolik|devosi]] dan peran khusus diberikan kepada [[Maria]], ibu Yesus, sebagai "ibu asuh" dari Kristus dan Gereja. [[Devosi Maria]] telah menjadi satu tema sentral dalam [[Seni rupa dalam agama Katolik Roma|kesenian Katolik]]; keibuan dan keluarga diberikan status sakral dalam ajaran-ajaran gereja. Sebaliknya, peran [[Hawa]] dalam kisah Alkitab mengenai [[Taman Eden]] mempengaruhi perkembangan suatu gagasan Barat mengenai wanita sebagai "penggoda". Yesus berkhotbah untuk kaum pria maupun kaum wanita dengan perlakuan setara, satu hal yang tidak biasa pada zaman-Nya. [[Santo Paulus]], bapa Gereja perdana, berkhotbah tentang kesetaraan gender melalui Yesus, namun tampaknya juga menetapkan batasan-batasan untuk peran seorang wanita di dalam gereja. Berdasarkan bacaan Injil yang menyajikan bahwa Kristus hanya memilih laki-laki sebagai [[Kedua Belas Rasul|Rasul-Rasul]], Gereja tidak menahbiskan kaum wanita menjadi imam (lih. [[#Keimaman, kehidupan religius, selibat|bagian di atas]]). Namun demikian, sepanjang sejarah Gereja, kaum wanita tercatat memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam mengelola institusi-institusi Katolik - terutama rumah sakit dan sekolah, melalui [[ordo keagamaan|tarekat-tarekat religius]] biarawati atau suster seperti [[Benediktin]], [[Dominikan]], [[Suster-Suster Loreto]], [[Suster-Suster Kerahiman]], [[Suster-Suster Kecil dari Kaum Miskin]], [[Suster-Suster St Yosef dari Hati Kudus|Yosefit]], dan [[Misionaris Cinta Kasih]].
Official Church teaching considers women and men to be equal, different, and "complementary".<ref name="Kreeft61" /> A special role and devotion is accorded to Jesus' mother [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]] as "nurturing mother" of Christ and the Church. [[Marian devotion]] has been a central theme of [[Art in Roman Catholicism|Catholic art]] and motherhood and family are given a sacred status in church teachings. Conversely, the role of [[Eve]] in the Biblical story of the [[Garden of Eden]] affected the development of a Western notion of woman as "temptress". Unusually for his epoch, Jesus preached to men and women alike. Early church father [[Saint Paul]] preached of equality of the sexes through Jesus, but appears to have also set limits as to a woman's role in the church. Based on a reading of the Gospels that Christ only selected male [[Apostles]], the church does not ordain women to the priesthood (see [[#Priesthood, religious life, celibacy|above]]). Nevertheless, throughout history, women have achieved significant influence in the running of Catholic institutions - particularly in hospitals and schooling, through [[religious order]]s of nuns or sisters like the [[Benedictine]]s, [[Dominican Sisters|Dominicans]], [[Loreto Sisters]], [[Sisters of Mercy]], [[Little Sisters of the Poor]], [[Sisters of St. Joseph of the Sacred Heart|Josephites]], and [[Missionaries of Charity]].
== Afeksi rohani ==
[[File:Estasi di Santa Teresa.jpg|right|thumb| The ''[[ EcstasyEkstase of StSanta TheresaTeresa]] '' indalam the basilicabasilika [[Santa Maria della Vittoria]] in Rome. By andi [[ Italy|ItalianRoma]] karya [[ baroqueGian Lorenzo Bernini]] artist, seorang seniman [[ Gianlorenzo Berninibarok]] Italia.]] ▼
Afeksi atau kasih sayang spiritual telah sejak lama terdokumentasi dalam berbagai kisah hidup orang-orang kudus ([[santo]]). Biografi [[Thomas Aquinas]], [[Teresa dari Avila]], [[Martin de Porres]], [[Yosef dari Cupertino]] dan banyak lainnya memuat episode-episode afeksi spiritual yang disaksikan oleh orang lain yang mengenal santo/santa tersebut atau berdasarkan pengakuan santo/santa itu sendiri dalam tulisan-tulisan mereka. Dalam ''Riwayat Hidup'' Santa Teresa, misalnya, ia mendeskripsikan suatu pengalaman yang menjadi dikenal sebagai ''[[Ekstase Santa Teresa]]'':
<blockquote>"[Rasa sakit] itu merupakan belaian cinta yang begitu manis yang kini terjadi antara jiwa dan Allah, sehingga aku berdoa kepada Allah dalam kebaikan-Nya untuk memberikan rasa cinta ini kepada siapa saja yang berpikir aku sedang berbohong. Selama hari-hari ini berlangsung, aku menjalaninya seperti terbius. Aku tiada berharap untuk melihat atau berbicara dengan seorang pun, melainkan sekadar untuk memeluk rasa sakitku, yang bagiku adalah suatu kebahagiaan yang jauh lebih besar daripada yang dapat diberikan segala ciptaan kepadaku. Aku berada dalam keadaan ini waktu demi waktu, kapanpun itu merupakan kesenangan Tuhan kita melemparkan aku ke dalam keadaan-keadaan tidak sadar tersebut, yang tidak dapat aku cegah sekalipun saat aku berada di antara kehadiran orang-orang lain, dan yang menjadi diketahui umum, yang membuatku mengalami kekesalan mendalam."<ref>{{en}} {{cite web | last =Teresa of Avila | first = | authorlink = | title = Life| work = | publisher =Christian Classics Ethereal Library | url =http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/life.viii.xxx.html | doi = | accessdate =29 May 2009 }}</ref></blockquote>
==Spiritual affection==
▲[[File:Estasi di Santa Teresa.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Ecstasy of St Theresa]] in the basilica [[Santa Maria della Vittoria]] in Rome. By an [[Italy|Italian]] [[baroque]] artist, [[Gianlorenzo Bernini]].]]
Spiritual affection has long been documented in various lives of the saints. Biographies of [[Thomas Aquinas]], [[Teresa of Avila]], [[Martin de Porres]], [[Joseph of Cupertino]] and many others include episodes of spiritual affection witnessed both by others who knew the saint or confessed by the saints themselves in their own writings. In Saint Teresa's ''Life'' for instance, she describes what has become known as the [[Ecstasy of Saint Theresa]]: <blockquote> "It is a caressing of love so sweet which now takes place between the soul and God, that I pray God of His goodness to make him experience it who may think that I am lying. During the days that this lasted, I went about as if beside myself. I wished to see, or speak with, no one, but only to cherish my pain, which was to me a greater bliss than all created things could give me. I was in this state from time to time, whenever it was our Lord's pleasure to throw me into those deep trances, which I could not prevent even when I was in the company of others, and which, to my deep vexation, came to be publicly known."<ref>{{cite web | last =Teresa of Avila | first = | authorlink = | title = Life| work = | publisher =Christian Classics Ethereal Library | url =http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/life.viii.xxx.html | doi = | accessdate =29 May 2009 }}</ref></blockquote>
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== Catatan ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
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