Francis Collins: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Francis Sellers Collins''' ({{lahirmati|Virginia, Amerika Serikat| 14|4| 1950}}) adalah seorang [[dokter]]-ahli [[genetika]] asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia terkenal berkat penemuan-penemuannya mengenai gen-gen penyakit dan kepemimpinannya pada [[Human Genome Project]]. Ia menjabat sebagai direktur [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) di Bethesda, Maryland, Amerika Serikat.
Sebelum diangkat menjadi direktur NIH, Collins memimpin Human Genome Project dan berbagai inisiatif penelitian genomika lain sebagai direktur [[National Human Genome Research Institute]] (NHGRI), salah satu dari 27 institut dan center pada NIH. Sebelum bergabung dengan NHGRI, ia memperoleh reputasi sebagai seorang "''gene hunter''" ("pemburu gen") pada [[Universitas Michigan]]. Ia telah dipilih masuk ke dalam [[:En:National Academy of Medicine|Institute of Medicine]] dan [[National Academy of Sciences]], serta menerima [[:En:Presidential Medal of Freedom|Presidential Medal of Freedom]] dan [[National Medal of Science]].
Collins juga menulis sejumlah buku dalam bidang sains, kedokteran, dan agama, termasuk buku terlaris menurut ''[[New York Times]]'', ''[[The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief]]''.
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== Masa muda ==
Collins dilahirkan di Staunton, Virginia, sebagai yang termuda dari empat putra Fletcher Collins dan Margaret James Collins. Ia dibesarkan di sebuah pertanian kecil di [[Shenandoah Valley]], Virginia, dengan [[:En:home schooled|pendidikan di rumah]] sampai kelas enam.<ref>Google Book Search [[The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=JcMCmBnpHGsC&dq=%22language+of+god%22+collins+homeschool&pg=PP1&ots=qQM1QRH3B5&source=bn&sig=mdeuF90uw_WdkUokgoXgrtMYBX8&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPA13,M1 Chapter 1]</ref> Kemudian ia bersekolah di [[:En:Robert E. Lee High School (Staunton, Virginia)|Robert E. Lee High School]] di [[Staunton, Virginia]].
From 1978 to 1981, Collins served a residency and chief residency in internal medicine at [[North Carolina Memorial Hospital]] in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]]. He then returned to Yale, where he was a [[Fellow]] in Human Genetics at the medical school from 1981 to 1984.▼
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== Penelitian genetika ==
At Yale, Collins worked under the direction of [[Sherman Weissman]], and in 1984 the two published a paper, "Directional Cloning of DNA Fragments at a Large distance From an Initial Probe: a Circularization Method".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Francis S. Collins |author2=Sherman M. Weissman |title=''Directional cloning of DNA fragments at a large distance from an initial probe: a circularization method'' |publisher=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA |date=Nov 1984 |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/81/21/6812.full.pdf+html?sid=4509210e-8129-4da3-b99c-dd5829a5a9c2 |accessdate=September 29, 2011}}</ref> The method described was named ''[[chromosome jumping]]'', to emphasize the contrast with an older and much more time-consuming method of copying DNA fragments called ''[[chromosome walking]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Leon. E. Rosenberg |title=''Introductory Speech for Francis S. Collins'' |year=2006 |pmc=1559551 |pmid=16909377 |doi=10.1086/500276 |volume=79 |journal=Am J Hum Genet |pages=419–20}}</ref>
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