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{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = G. K. Chesterton
| image = Gilbert Chesterton.jpg
| caption = G. K. Chesterton, byfoto dari E. H. Mills, 1909.
| birth_name = Gilbert Keith Chesterton
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1874|5|29|df=y}}
Baris 9 ⟶ 10:
| death_place = [[Beaconsfield]], Buckinghamshire, Inggris
| resting_place = Pemakaman Katolik Roma, Beaconsfield
| occupation = Jurnalis, novelis, esayisesais
| language = Inggris
| citizenship = Inggris
| education = [[SekolahSt SantoPaul's PaulusSchool, London|St Paul's School (London)]]
| alma_mater = [[SekolahSlade SeniSchool Rupaof Fine Art|Slade School of Art]]
| period = 1900–1936
| genre = EsayEsai, [[Sastra fantasi|Fantasi]], [[Apologetikapologetika Kristen]], [[Apologetikapologetika Katolik]], [[Fiksi misteri|Misteri]], [[Puisi]]
| subject = <!-- or: | subjects = -->
| movement = KebangkitanKebangunan sastraliterer Katolik<ref>{{en}} Ian Ker, ''The Catholic Revival in English Literature (1845–1961): Newman, Hopkins, Belloc, Chesterton, Greene, Waugh'' (University of Notre Dame Press, 2003).</ref>
| notableworks = ''[[The Napoleon of Notting Hill]]'' (1904), ''Charles Dickens: A Critical Study'' (1906), ''[[The Man Who Was Thursday]]'' (1908), ''[[Orthodoxy (buku)|Orthodoxy]]'' (1908), [[RomoFather Brown|Ceritacerita-cerita RomoFather Brown]] (1910-19351910–1935), ''[[The Everlasting Man]]'' (1925)
| spouse = [[Frances Blogg]]
| relatives = [[Cecil Chesterton]] (saudara)
Baris 24 ⟶ 25:
| signature = GK Chesterson signature.svg
}}
'''Gilbert Keith Chesterton''', [[Order ofOrde St. GregoryGregorius the GreatAgung|KC*SG]] ({{lahirmati||29 Mei |5|1874&nbsp;– ||14 Juni |6|1936}}), yang lebih dikenal sebagai '''G. K. Chesterton''', adalah seorang penulis Inggris,<ref>{{en}} {{Citation | title = Obituary | newspaper = [[Variety Obituaries|Variety]] | date = 17 JuniJune 1936}}</ref> [[penyair]], filsuf, dramatisdramawan, jurnalis, orator, [[teolog awam]], biograferpenulis biografi, danserta kritikus seniliterer dan sastra Inggrisseni. Chesterton sering disebut sebagai "pangeran [[paradoks]].".<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=J. D.|title=G.K. Chesterton, the Eccentric Prince of Paradox|journal=Christianity Today|date=24 MeiMay 1974|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/augustweb-only/8-27-52.0.html?paging=off#bmb=1|accessdate=8 JuliJuly 2014}}</ref> Majalah ''[[Time (majalah)|Time]]'' mengomentari gaya tulisannya: "Kapan saja memungkinkan Chesterton memberikan pokok-pokok pemikirannya dengan ungkapan populer, pepatah, alegori—pertama-tama dengan benar-benar membalikkannya secara hati-hati."<ref name=Time>{{en}} {{Citation | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774701-3,00.html | title = Orthodoxologist | newspaper = Time | date = 11 October 1943 | accessdate = 24 October 2008}}.</ref>
 
Chesterton utamanya dikenal karena karya fiksinya tentang seorang detektif-pastor, [[Father Brown]],<ref name="Father Brown on Chesterton,">{{en}} O'Connor, John. [http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~mward/gkc/Father_Brown_on_Chesterton.pdf ''Father Brown on Chesterton,''] Frederick Muller Ltd., 1937.</ref> dan karya-karya [[apologetika]]nya yang meyakinkan. Beberapa di antara mereka yang tidak sependapat dengan dia mengakui adanya daya tarik besar dari karya-karya apologetik seperti ''[[Orthodoxy (buku)|Orthodoxy]]'' dan ''[[The Everlasting Man]]''.<ref name=Time/>{{Sfn | Douglas | 1974 | ps =: "Like his friend [[Ronald Knox]] he was both entertainer and Christian apologist. The world never fails to appreciate the combination when it is well done; even [[evangelikalisme|evangelicals]] sometimes give the impression of bestowing a waiver on deviations if a man is enough of a genius."}} Chesterton sering menyebut dirinya sebagai seorang Kristen "[[ortodoks]]", kemudian mengidentifikasi posisinya ini dengan semakin mendekati [[Katolik|Katolisisme]], dan pada akhirnya beralih dari [[Anglo-Katolik|Gereja Tinggi]] [[Anglikanisme]] ke [[Gereja Katolik]]. [[George Bernard Shaw]], "musuh yang bersahabat" dari Chesterton menurut ''Time'', mengatakan tentangnya, "Dia adalah seorang pria genius {{sic|kolosal}}."<ref name=Time /> Para penulis biografi mengidentifikasi Chesterton sebagai salah seorang penerus dari penulis-penulis [[era Victoria]] seperti [[Matthew Arnold]], [[Thomas Carlyle]], Kardinal [[John Henry Newman]], dan [[John Ruskin]].<ref>{{en}} Ker, Ian (2011). ''G. K, Chesterton: A Biography.'' Oxford University Press, p. 485.</ref>
Chesterton lebih dikenal karena pendeta-detektif fiksi buatannya [[Romo Brown]],<ref name="Father Brown on Chesterton,">O'Connor, John. [http://www.cse.dmu.ac.uk/~mward/gkc/Father_Brown_on_Chesterton.pdf ''Father Brown on Chesterton,''] Frederick Muller Ltd., 1937.</ref> dan untuk [[apologetik]] beralasannya.
 
== Kehidupan awal ==
[[Berkas:G.K. Chesterton at the age of 17.jpg|thumb|left|G. K. Chesterton pada usia 17 tahun.]]
 
Chesterton lahir di [[Campden Hill]], di [[Kensington]], London, sebagai putra dari Marie Louise, neenée Grosjean, dan Edward Chesterton.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://spartacus-educational.com/Jchesterton.htm|title=G. K. Chesterton|author=John Simkin|work=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{en}} Haushalter, Walter M. (1912). [https://archive.org/stream/universitymagazi11mcgiuoft#page/232/mode/2up "Gilbert Keith Chesterton,"] ''The University Magazine,'' Vol. XI, p. 236.</ref> Ia dibaptis pada usia sebulansatu dalambulan tradisidalam [[Gereja Inggris]],<ref>Ker (2011), p. 1.</ref> meskipunkendati keluarganya sendiri terkadang mempraktikanmempraktikkan [[Unitarianisme Kristen|Unitarian]].<ref>Ker (2011), p. 13.</ref> Menurut autobiografinya, saat masih muda Chesterton tertarik dengan [[okultisme]] dan, bersama [[Cecil Chesterton|Cecil]] saudaranya, pernah bereksperimen dengan papan [[Ouija]].{{Sfn | Chesterton | 1936 | loc = [http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks13/1301201h.html#ch15 Chapter IV]}}
 
Chesterton dididikmenempuh pendidikan di [[SekolahSt SantoPaul's PaulusSchool (London)|SekolahSt SantoPaul's PaulusSchool]], kemudian masuk [[Sekolah Seni Slade]] dalamSchool rangkaof menjadiFine ilustrator.Art|Slade inSchool orderof toArt]] becomeuntuk anmenjadi illustratorseorang ilustrator. Slade adalah sebuahsalah satu departemen [[University College London]], dimanatempat Chesterton juga mengambil budangbidang sastraliteratur juga, namun ia tidak meraih sebuahsatu gelar pun dalam subyekkedua manapunbidang tersebut.
 
== Kehidupan keluarga ==
Chesterton menikahi [[Frances Blogg]] pada 1901; perkawinan tersebut berlangsung seumur hidup mereka. Chesterton memandang Frances berjasa membawanya kembali ke [[Anglikanisme]], meski di kemudian hari ia memandang Anglikanisme sebagai suatu "''pale imitation''" ("tiruan yang tidak mengesankan"). Chesterton memasuki [[persekutuan penuh]] dengan [[Gereja Katolik]] pada tahun 1922.<ref>{{en}} {{Citation |date=March 2007 | publisher = Google | url = http://socrates58.blogspot.com/2007/03/gk-chestertons-conversion-story.html | contribution = GK Chesterton's Conversion Story | format = [[World Wide Web]] log | title = Socrates 58}}.</ref>
 
== Karier ==
Pada bulan September 1895, Chesterton mulai bekerja untuk salah satu penerbit London, Redway, bertahan di sana lebih dari satu tahun.<ref>Ker ([[#CITEREFKer2011|2011]]), p.41</ref> Pada bulan Oktober 1896 ia pindah ke penerbit T. Fisher Unwin,<ref>Ker ([[#CITEREFKer2011|2011]]), p.41</ref> bertahan di sana sampai tahun 1902. Selama periode tersebut ia juga mengerjakan karya jurnalistik pertamanya, sebagai seorang kritikus lepas dalam bidang literer dan seni. Pada tahun 1902, ''[[The Daily News (Britania Raya)|Daily News]]'' memberinya satu kolom opini mingguan, disusul pada tahun 1905 dengan satu kolom mingguan di ''[[The Illustrated London News]]'', yang tetap ia tulis selama tiga puluh tahun berikutnya.
 
Sejak awal Chesterton menunjukkan talenta dan ketertarikan besar dalam seni. Ia pernah merencanakan untuk menjadi seorang artis, dan tulisannya memperlihatkan suatu visi yang membalut gagasan-gagasan abstrak dalam penggambaran-penggambaran yang konkret dan berkesan. Karya fiksinya bahkan berisi perumpamaan-perumpamaan yang tersembunyikan dengan cermat. [[Father Brown]] (Pastor Brown) terus-menerus mengoreksi visi yang salah dari orang-orang yang limbung di tempat terjadinya kejahatan dan pada akhirnya berkelana dengan si pelaku untuk menjalankan peran imamatnya dalam pengakuan dan pertobatan. Sebagai contoh, dalam cerita "The Flying Stars", Pastor Brown meminta karakter [[Flambeau (karakter)|Flambeau]] untuk melepaskan diri dari hidupnya dalam kejahatan: "Masih ada masa muda dan kehormatan serta humor di dalam dirimu; jangan berkhayal bahwa semua barang tersebut akan langgeng dalam kehidupan semacam itu. Orang-orang dapat mempertahankan semacam tingkatan kebaikan, tetapi tidak ada orang yang pernah dapat bertahan pada satu tingkatan kejahatan. Jalan tersebut terus menurun. Orang yang baik menjadi peminum dan berubah jadi kejam; orang yang jujur membunuh dan berdusta tentang hal itu. Banyak orang yang saya kenal mengawalinya seperti Anda menjadi seorang penjahat yang jujur, seorang perampok kaum kaya yang ceria, dan berakhir dengan dicap sebagai kotoran."<ref>{{en}} Chesterton, G. K. (1911). [https://archive.org/stream/fatherbrown00chesuoft#page/96/mode/2up "The Flying Stars."] In: ''The Innocence of Father Brown''. London: Cassell & Company, Ltd., p. 118.</ref>
 
[[File:Caricature of Chesterton, by Beerbohm.jpg|thumb|[[Karikatur]] Chesterton, karya [[Max Beerbohm]].]]
 
Chesterton senang berdebat, sering terlibat dalam perdebatan publik yang bersahabat dengan orang-orang seperti [[George Bernard Shaw]],<ref>{{en}} ''Do We agree? A Debate between G. K. Chesterton and Bernard Shaw, with Hilaire Belloc in the Chair.'' London: C. Palmer, 1928.</ref> [[H. G. Wells]], [[Bertrand Russell]], dan [[Clarence Darrow]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.chesterton.org/clarence-darrow-debate/ |title=Clarence Darrow debate |publisher=American Chesterton Society |accessdate=21 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://darrow.law.umn.edu/photo.php?pid=1062 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota Law School]] |title=G.K. Chesterton January, 1915 |work=Clarence Darrow digital collection |accessdate=21 May 2014}}</ref> Menurut autobiografinya, ia dan Shaw sama-sama berperan sebagai [[koboi]] dalam suatu film bisu yang tidak pernah dirilis.<ref>{{en}} ''Autobiography.'' London: Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., 1936, pp. 231–235.</ref>
 
=== Kejenakaan visual ===
 
Chesterton berperawakan besar, tingginya {{convert|6|ft|4|in|m}} dan beratnya sekitar {{convert|20|st|6|lb|kg lb}}. Lingkar pinggangnya yang besar memunculkan suatu anekdot yang terkenal. Pada saat berlangsungnya Perang Dunia I, seorang wanita di London bertanya mengapa ia tidak "berada di [[Front (militer)|Garis Depan]]"; ia menjawab, "Jika Anda pergi ke samping, Anda akan melihat kalau saya sedang [di depan]."<ref>{{en}} Wilson, A. N. (1984). ''Hilaire Belloc''. London: Hamish Hamilton, p. 219.</ref> Pada kesempatan lain ia memberi tahu George Bernard Shaw temannya, "Jika melihat Anda, siapa saja akan mengira kelaparan telah melanda Inggris." Shaw balas menjawab, "Jika melihat Anda, siapa saja akan mengira Anda yang telah menyebabkannya."<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|last=Cornelius|first=Judson K|title=Literary Humour|publisher= St Paul's Books |location=Mumbai|isbn=81-7108-374-9|page= 144}}</ref> [[P. G. Wodehouse]] pernah mendeskripsikan suatu kecelakaan yang sangat keras suaranya sebagai "suara seperti G. K. Chesterton jatuh ke selembar timah".<ref>{{en}} {{Citation | title = The World of Mr. Mulliner |publisher = Barrie and Jenkins, p. 172| year= 1972|author-link = P. G. Wodehouse | first = P.G. | last = Wodehouse}}.</ref>
 
Chesterton biasanya mengenakan semacam jubah tanpa lengan dan topi kusut, dengan [[pedang tongkat]] di tangan, dan cerutu tergantung di mulutnya. Ia memiliki kecenderungan lupa ke mana ia akan pergi dan melewatkan kereta yang akan membawanya ke tujuan. Dilaporkan bahwa pada beberapa kesempatan ia mengirim [[telegrafi|telegram]] kepada Frances istrinya dari tempat yang jauh (dan tidak tepat), dengan tulisan seperti "Saya di [[Market Harborough]]. Di mana saya seharusnya?", yang akan dibalas sang istri, "Rumah".{{Sfn | Ward | 1944 | loc = chapter XV}} (Chesterton sendiri menceritakan kisah tersebut, namun tidak menuliskan dugaan balasan dari istrinya, dalam bab XVI dari autobiografinya.)
 
===Radio===
 
Pada tahun 1931, [[BBC]] mengundang Chesterton untuk memberikan serangkaian pembicaraan radio. Ia menerimanya, awalnya hanya untuk sementara. Namun, dari tahun 1932 sampai wafatnya, Chesterton menyampaikan lebih dari 40 sesi pembicaraan setiap tahunnya. Ia diperbolehkan, dan didorong, untuk melakukan improvisasi pada naskah-naskahnya. Hal ini memungkinkan dia untuk mempertahankan suatu karakter yang personal dalam sesi-sesi pembicaraannya, sebagaimana juga keputusan Chesterton untuk memperbolehkan istri dan sekretarisnya untuk duduk bersamanya selama siaran berlangsung.<ref>Ker (2011).</ref>
 
Sesi-sesi pembicaraan tersebut sangat populer. Setelah Chesterton wafat, salah seorang pejabat BBC berkomentar bahwa, "Dalam satu atau beberapa tahun ke depan, ia sudah akan menjadi suara yang mendominasi dari [[Broadcasting House]]."<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.catholicauthors.com/chesterton.html|title=G.K. Chesterton - CatholicAuthors.com|work=catholicauthors.com}}</ref>
 
== Wafat dan penghormatan ==
[[File:PPXI.jpeg|thumb|Telegram yang dikirim oleh Kardinal Eugenio Pacelli (kelak menjadi [[Paus Pius XII]]), atas nama [[Paus Pius XI]], kepada warga Inggris menyusul wafatnya Chesterton.]]
 
Chesterton meninggal dunia karena [[gagal jantung|gagal jantung kongestif]] pada pagi hari tanggal 14 Juni 1936, di rumahnya di [[Beaconsfield]], Buckinghamshire. Kata-kata terakhirnya yang diketahui adalah suatu sapaan yang diungkapkan kepada istrinya. [[Homili]] saat [[Misa Requiem]] Chesterton di [[Katedral Westminster]], London, disampaikan oleh [[Ronald Knox]], seorang mantan pastor Anglikan, pada tanggal 27 Juni 1936. Knox mengatakan, "Semua orang dari generasi ini telah tumbuh di bawah pengaruh Chesterton dengan sedemikian menyeluruh sehingga kita bahkan tidak tahu kapan kita sedang memikirkan Chesterton."<ref>{{en}} Lauer, Quentin (1991). ''G.K. Chesterton: Philosopher Without Portfolio.'' New York City, NY: Fordham University Press, p. 25.</ref> Ia dimakamkan di Pemakaman Katolik di Beaconsfield. Wasiat Chesterton dinilai sebesar £28.389, kira-kira setara dengan £1,3&nbsp;juta pada tahun 2012.<ref>{{en}} Barker, Dudley (1973). ''G. K. Chesterton: A Biography.'' New York: Stein and Day, p. 287.</ref>
 
Menjelang akhir hidup Chesterton di dunia ini, [[Paus Pius XI]] menganugerahkannya Komandan Kesatria dengan Bintang dari [[Orde St. Gregorius Agung]] (KC*SG).<ref>{{en}} {{Citation | url = http://www.catholicauthors.com/chesterton.html | title = Catholic authors | contribution = Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874–1936)}}.</ref> Perhimpunan Chesterton telah mengusulkan agar dia di[[beatifikasi]].<ref>{{en}} {{Cite journal | last = Antonio | first = Gaspari | title = "Blessed" G. K. Chesterton?: Interview on Possible Beatification of English Author | journal = Zenit: The World Seen From Rome | publisher = Innovative Media | location = Rome | date = 14 July 2009 | url = http://www.zenit.org/article-26454?l=english | accessdate = 18 October 2010}}</ref> Ia dikenang secara liturgis setiap tanggal 13 Juni oleh [[Gereja Episkopal di Amerika Serikat]], dengan suatu pesta peringatan provisional sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam Konvensi Umum tahun 2009.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.satucket.com/lectionary/GKChesterton.htm|title=G. K. Chesterton|work=satucket.com}}</ref>
 
== Karya tulis ==
[[File:G. K. Chesterton at work.jpg|thumb|left|Chesterton dalam studinya.]]
 
Chesterton menulis sekitar 80 buku, beberapa ratus puisi, sekitar 200 cerita pendek, 4.000 esai, dan sejumlah drama. Ia adalah seorang kritikus sosial dan literer, sejarawan, dramawan, novelis, [[apologetika Katolik|apolog]] dan teolog<ref>{{en}} Bridges, Horace J. (1914). [https://archive.org/stream/ethicaladdresses21ameruoft#page/20/mode/2up "G. K. Chesterton as Theologian."] In: ''Ethical Addresses.'' Philadelphia: The American Ethical Union, pp. 21–44.</ref><ref>{{en}} Caldecott, Stratford (1999). "Was G.K. Chesterton a Theologian?," ''The Chesterton Review''. (Rep. by [http://catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0499.html ''CERC: Catholic Education Research Center''].)</ref> Katolik, pendebat, serta penulis cerita misteri. Ia adalah kolumnis ''Daily News'', ''[[The Illustrated London News]]'', dan ''[[G. K.'s Weekly]]'', yang adalah makalah karyanya sendiri; ia juga menulis artikel-artikel untuk ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', termasuk entri tentang [[Charles Dickens]] dan bagian dari entri tentang Humor dalam edisi ke-14 (1929). Karakter rekaannya yang paling terkenal yaitu [[Father Brown]] (Pastor Brown), seorang detektif-pastor,<ref name="Father Brown on Chesterton,"/> yang hanya muncul dalam cerpen-cerpen karyanya, sementara ''[[The Man Who Was Thursday]]'' dapat dikatakan sebagai novelnya yang paling terkenal. Ia adalah seorang Kristen yang kukuh jauh sebelum ia diterima dalam Gereja Katolik; simbolisme dan tema-tema Kristen terlihat dalam banyak tulisannya. Di Amerika Serikat, tulisan-tulisannya tentang [[distributisme]] dipopulerkan melalui ''[[The American Review (jurnal literer)|The American Review]]'', yang diterbitkan oleh [[Seward Collins]] di New York.
 
Di antara karya-karya nonfiksi yang dihasilkannya, ''Charles Dickens: A Critical Study'' (1906) mendapat sejumlah pujian secara umum. Menurut Ian Ker (''The Catholic Revival in English Literature, 1845–1961'', 2003), "Di mata Chesterton, Dickens termasuk Inggris ''[[Merry England|Merry]]'', bukan [[Puritan]]"; Ker menganggap pemikiran Chesterton di Bab IV buku tersebut utamanya timbul dari apresiasi sejati pada Dickens, suatu atribut yang relatif usang dalam pandangan opini-opini literer lainnya pada saat itu.
 
Karya-karya tulis Chesterton secara konsisten menampilkan kejenakaan dan selera humor. Ia menggunakan paradoks ketika membuat komentar-komentar serius tentang dunia ini, pemerintahan, politik, ekonomi, filsafat, teologi, dan banyak topik lainnya.<ref>{{en}} Douglas, J. D. [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/augustweb-only/8-27-52.0.html "G.K. Chesterton, the Eccentric Prince of Paradox,"] ''Christianity Today,'' 8 January 2001.</ref><ref>{{en}} Gray, Robert. [http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/paradox-was-his-doxy/ "Paradox Was His Doxy,"] ''The American Conservative,'' 23 March 2009.</ref>
 
== Karya utama ==
{{Main|Daftar pustakaBibliografi G. K. Chesterton}}
{{Library resources box|onlinebooks=yes|by=yes|viaf=14767719|}}
* {{Citation | first = Gilbert Keith | last = Chesterton | title = [[The Napoleon of Notting Hill]] | year = 1904 | editor-first = M | editor-last = Ward | publisher = DMU | place = [[United Kingdom|UK]]}}.
* {{Citation | first = Gilbert Keith | last = Chesterton | author-mask = 3 | title = [[Heretics (bookbuku)|Heretics]] | year = 1905 | ISBN = 978-0-7661-7476-4 | publisher = [[Project Gutenberg]]}}.
* {{Citation | first = Gilbert Keith | last = Chesterton | author-mask = 3 | title = Charles Dickens: A Critical Study | year = 1906}}.
* {{Citation | first = Gilbert Keith | last = Chesterton | author-mask = 3 | title = [[The Man Who Was Thursday]] | year = 1908a}}.
* {{Citation | first = Gilbert Keith | last = Chesterton | author-mask = 3 | title = [[Orthodoxy (bookbuku)|Orthodoxy]] | year = 1908b}}.
* {{Citation | first = Gilbert Keith | last = Chesterton | author-mask = 3 | publisher = Project Gutenberg's | title = The Innocence of Father Brown | date = 6 July 2008 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/204/204-h/204-h.htm | origyear = 1911a}}.
* {{Citation | first = Gilbert Keith | last = Chesterton | author-mask = 3 | title = [[The Ballad of the White Horse]] | publisher = DMU | place = UK | editor-first = M | editor-last = Ward | year = 1911b}}.
Baris 59 ⟶ 100:
 
{{Col-3}}
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1900jul-00427 "Literary Pictures of the Year,"] [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1900aug-00538a02 Part II,] ''The Bookman,'' July/August 1900.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1901jan-00472 "Literary Portraits of G. F. Watts,"] ''The Bookman,'' January 1901.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1902jan-00463 "England’s Novelists in the National Portrait Gallery,"] ''The Bookman,'' January 1902.
Baris 67 ⟶ 108:
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/BookmanUK-1902apr-00024 "Five Painters and a Critic,"] ''The Bookman,'' April 1902.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/BookmanUK-1902may-00046 "Thomas Carlyle,"] ''The Bookman,'' May 1902.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/BookmanUK-1902jun-00086 "Alexandre Dumas,"] [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1902jul-00446 Part II,] ''The Bookman,'' June 1902.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/BookmanUK-1902sep-00191 "Matthew Arnold,"] [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1902oct-00116 Part II,] ''The Bookman,'' September/October 1902.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1902dec-00374 "The Just-So Stories,"] ''The Bookman,'' December 1902.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1902dec-00349 "Tennyson,"] ''The Bookman,'' December 1902.
Baris 86 ⟶ 127:
* [https://archive.org/stream/miltonhisage00chesuoft#page/2/mode/2up "Milton and his Age,"] ''[[The Oxford and Cambridge Review]],'' 1909.
* [https://archive.org/stream/forum02unkngoog#page/n140/mode/2up "Objections to Socialism,"] ''The Forum,'' Vol. XLI, 1909.
* [https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview145londuoft#page/128/mode/2up "The Modern Surrender of Women,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. CXLV, No. 290-291, July/October, 1909.
* [https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview147londuoft#page/260/mode/2up "What is Toleration?,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. CXLVII, No. 294-295, July/October, 1910.
* [https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview150londuoft#page/162/mode/2up "An Agnostic Defeat,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. CL, No. 300-301, January/April, 1912.
* [https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview151londuoft#page/348/mode/2up "What is a Conservative?,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. CL, No. 300-301, January/April, 1912.
* [https://archive.org/stream/everymanhislifew01sarouoft#page/4/mode/2up "The Chance of the Peasant,"] ''Everyman,'' Vol. I, No. 1, 18 October 1912.
* [https://archive.org/stream/everymanhislifew01sarouoft#page/166/mode/2up "The Collapse of Socialism,"] ''Everyman,'' Vol. I, No. 6, 22 November 1912.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/McClures-1912nov-00033 "The Absence of Mr. Glass,"] ''McClure’sMcClure's Magazine,'' November 1912.
* [https://archive.org/stream/everymanhislifew01sarouoft#page/296/mode/2up "A Salute to the Last Socialist,"] ''Everyman,'' Vol. I, No. 10, 20 December 1912.
{{Col-3}}
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/McClures-1913feb-00127 "The Strange Crime of John Boulnois,"] ''McClure’sMcClure's Magazine,'' February 1913.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/McClures-1913mar-00053 "The Paradise of Thieves,"] ''McClure’sMcClure's Magazine,'' March 1913.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/McClures-1913apr-00057 "The Man in the Passage,"] ''McClure’sMcClure's Magazine,'' April 1913.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/McClures-1913jul-00136 "The Purple Wig,"] ''McClure’sMcClure's Magazine,'' July 1913.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/McClures-1913aug-00120 "The Head of Caesar,"] ''McClure’sMcClure's Magazine,'' August 1913.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Century-1913nov-00026 "Slavery and the American Store,"] ''The Century Magazine,'' November 1913.
* [https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview154londuoft#page/82/mode/2up "Magic,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. CLIV, No. 308-309, January/April, 1914.
* [https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview159londuoft#page/22/mode/2up "Wilfrid Ward,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. CLIX, No. 314-315, July/October, 1916.
* [https://archive.org/stream/soulofrussia00stepuoft#page/n29/mode/2up "The English Blunder about Russia."] In: Winifred Stephens, ed., ''The Soul of Russia,'' Macmillan & Co., 1916.
* [https://archive.org/stream/catholicworldvo00fathgoog#page/n742/mode/2up "Human Nature and the Historian,"] ''The Catholic World,'' Vol. CIV, No. 624, March 1917.
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25121715 "The Plan for a New War,"] ''The North American Review,'' Vol. 206, No. 745, Dec., 1917.
* [https://archive.org/stream/hibbertjournal16londuoft#page/376/mode/2up "Stopford Brooke,"] ''The Hibbert Journal,'' Vol. XVI, 1917/1918.
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25121805 "Germany and Alsace-Lorraine: How to Help Annexation,"] ''The North American Review,'' Vol. 207, No. 748, Mar., 1918.
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25121845 "The Real Secret Diplomacy,"] ''The North American Review,'' Vol. 207, No. 749, Apr., 1918.
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/20561825 "A Note on the New Martyrdom,"] ''The Lotus Magazine,'' Vol. 10, No. 2, Feb., 1919.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/LivingAge-1919mar01-00546 "On Newspaper Proprietors,"] ''The Living Age,'' March 1919.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/LivingAge-1919may10-00356 "The Heretic and the Home Visitor,"] ''The Living Age,'' May 1919.
Baris 144 ⟶ 185:
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1929may-00236 "Is Humanism a Religion?,"] ''The Bookman,'' May 1929.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Forum-1929jun-00360 "The West’s Defense,"] ''The Forum,'' June 1929.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/NorthAmericanRev-1929oct-00435 "The Doom of the Darnaways,"] ''The North American Review,'' Vol. 228, No. 4, Oct., 1929.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/NorthAmericanRev-1929nov-00587 "The Inefficiency of Science,"] ''The North American Review,'' Vol. 228, No. 5, Nov., 1929.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1930mar-00027 "Magic and Fantasy in Fiction,"] ''The Bookman,'' March 1930.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/LivingAge-1930jul15-00616 "Keeping up with Mr. Shaw,"] ''The Living Age,'' July 1930.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1930oct-00097 "The Spirit of the Age in Literature,"] ''The Bookman,'' October 1930.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Forum-1931oct-00224 "Reflections on a Rotten Apple,"] ''The Forum,'' October 1931.
* "The Mission of Ireland," ''Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review,'' Vol. 21, No. 83, Sep., 1932.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Bookman-1932dec-00807 "The End of the Moderns,"] ''The Bookman,'' December 1932 Rep. in [http://www.theamericanconservative.com/repository/the-end-of-the-moderns/ ''The American Conservative''].
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/AmericanRev-1933apr-00076 "The Day of the Lord,"] ''The American Review,'' Vol. I, No. 1, April 1933.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/AmericanRev-1934jan-00277 "Sex and Property,"] ''The American Review,'' January 1934.
Baris 167 ⟶ 208:
 
=== Cerita pendek ===
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Colliers-1934jul14-00012 "The Crime of the Communist,"] ''Collier’sCollier's Weekly,'' July 1934.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Colliers-1935apr13-00007 "The Three Horsemen,"] ''Collier’sCollier's Weekly,'' April 1935.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Colliers-1935apr20-00020 "The Ring of the Lovers,"] ''Collier’sCollier's Weekly,'' April 1935.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/Colliers-1935apr27-00016 "A Tall Story,"] ''Collier’sCollier's Weekly,'' April 1935.
* [http://www.unz.org/Pub/FantasticMysteries-1947feb-00108 "The Angry Street – A Bad Dream,"] ''Famous Fantastic Mysteries,'' February 1947.
 
=== Serba-serbi ===
* Elsie M. Lang, [https://archive.org/stream/literarylondon00languoft#page/n9/mode/2up ''Literary London,''] with an introduction by G. K. Chesterton. London: T. Werner Laurie, 1906.
* George Haw, [https://archive.org/stream/fromworkhousetow00hawguoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''From Workhouse to Westminster,''] with an introduction by G.K. Chesterton. London: Cassell & Company, 1907.
* Darrell Figgs, [https://archive.org/stream/visionoflifepoem00figguoft#page/n3/mode/2up ''A Vision of Life''] with an introduction by G.K. Chesterton. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1909.
* C. Creighton Mandell, [https://archive.org/stream/hilairebellocman00mand#page/n7/mode/2up ''Hilaire Belloc: The Man and his Work,''] with an introduction by G. K. Chesterton. London: Methuen & Co., 1916.
* Harendranath Maitra, [https://archive.org/stream/hinduism00maituoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''Hinduism: The World-Ideal,''] with an introduction by G. K. Chesterton. London: Cecil Palmer & Hayward, 1916.
* [[Maxim Gorky|Maxim Gorki]], [https://archive.org/stream/creaturesthatonc00gork#page/n5/mode/2up ''Creatures that Once Were Men,''] with an introduction by G. K. Chesterton. New York: The Modern Library, 1918.
* Sibyl Bristowe, ''Provocations,'' with an introduction by G.K. Chesterton. London: Erskine Macdonald, 1918.
* W.J. Lockington, ''The Soul of Ireland,'' with an introduction by G.K. Chesterton. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920.
* [[Arthur Penty|Arthur J. Penty]], [https://archive.org/stream/postindustriali00pentuoft#page/n5/mode/2up ''Post-Industrialism,''] with a preface by G. K. Chesterton. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922.
* Leonard Merrick, [https://archive.org/stream/houseoflynchwith00merruoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''The House of Lynch,''] with an introduction by G.K. Chesterton. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1923.
* [[Henri Massis]], ''Defence of the West,'' with a preface by G. K. Chesterton. London: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1928.
* Francis Thompson, ''The Hound of Heaven and other Poems,'' with an introduction by G.K. Chesterton. Boston: International Pocket Library, 1936.
Baris 198 ⟶ 239:
* Blackstock, Alan R. (2012). ''The Rhetoric of Redemption: Chesterton, Ethical Criticism, and the Common Man''. New York. Peter Lang Publishing.
* Braybrooke, Patrick (1922). [https://archive.org/stream/gkchesterton00brayuoft#page/n7/mode/2up ''Gilbert Keith Chesterton'']. London: Chelsea Publishing Company.
* [[Émile Cammaerts|Cammaerts, Émile]] (1937). ''The Laughing Prophet: The Seven Virtues And G. K. Chesterton''. London: Methuen & Co., Ltd.
* Campbell, W. E. (1908). [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015028094012;view=1up;seq=777 "G.K. Chesterton: Inquisitor and Democrat,"] ''The Catholic World,'' Vol. LXXXVIII, pp.&nbsp;769–782.
* Campbell, W. E. (1909). [https://archive.org/stream/catholicworldvo14fathgoog#page/n14/mode/2up "G.K. Chesterton: Catholic Apologist"] ''The Catholic World,'' Vol. LXXXIX, No. 529, pp.&nbsp;1–12.
Baris 223 ⟶ 264:
* Ervine, St. John G. (1922). [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924013262807#page/n101/mode/2up "G.K. Chesterton."] In: ''Some Impressions of my Elders.'' New York: The Macmillan Company, pp.&nbsp;90–112.
* {{Citation | last = Ffinch | first = Michael | title = G.K. Chesterton| publisher = Harper & Row| year = 1986}}.
* [[Christopher Hitchens|Hitchens, Christopher]] (2012). [httphttps://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/03/the-reactionary/308889/ "The Reactionary,"] ''The Atlantic''.
* Herts, B. Russell (1914). [https://archive.org/stream/depreciations00hertrich#page/n67/mode/2up "Gilbert K. Chesterton: Defender of the Discarded."] In: ''Depreciations.'' New York: Albert & Charles Boni, pp.&nbsp;65–86.
* Hollis, Christopher (1970). ''The Mind of Chesterton''. London: Hollis & Carter.
Baris 230 ⟶ 271:
* [[Stanley Jaki|Jaki, Stanley]] (1986). "Chesterton's Landmark Year." In: ''Chance or Reality and Other Essays.'' University Press of America.
* [[Hugh Kenner|Kenner, Hugh]] (1947). ''Paradox in Chesterton.'' New York: [[Sheed & Ward]].
* {{citation
| title= G. K, Chesterton: A Biography
| first= Ian
| last= Ker
| authorlink= Ian Ker
| publisher= Oxford University Press
| location= Oxford
| year= 2011
| isbn=978-0-19-960128-8
| ref= harv
}}
* [[Roger Kimball|Kimball, Roger]] (2011). [http://www.newcriterion.com/articles.cfm/G--K--Chesterton--master-of-rejuvenation-7138 "G. K. Chesterton: Master of Rejuvenation,"] ''The New Criterion,'' Vol. XXX, p.&nbsp;26.
* [[Russell Kirk|Kirk, Russell]] (1971). [http://www.unz.org/Pub/ModernAge-1971q1-00006 "Chesterton, Madmen, and Madhouses,"] ''Modern Age,'' Vol. XV, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;6–16.
Baris 237 ⟶ 289:
* {{Citation | author-link = Marshall McLuhan| last = McLuhan | first = Marshall | title = GK Chesterton: A Practical Mystic | journal = Dalhousie Review | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | year = 1936}}.
* {{Citation | last = McNichol | first = J. | title = The Young Chesterton Chronicles | volume = Book One: The Tripods Attack! | publisher = Sophia Institute | place = Manchester, NH | year = 2008 | ISBN = 978-1-933184-26-5}}.
* Oddie, William (2010). ''Chesterton and the Romance of Orthodoxy: The Making of GKC, 1874-19081874–1908.'' Oxford University Press.
* [[Alfred Richard Orage|Orage, Alfred Richard.]] (1922). [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924026942031#page/n157/mode/2up "G.K. Chesterton on Rome and Germany."] In: ''Readers and Writers (1917-19211917–1921).'' London: George Allen & Unwin, pp.&nbsp;155–161.
* Oser, Lee (2007). ''The Return of Christian Humanism: Chesterton, Eliot, Tolkien, and the Romance of History''. University of Missouri Press.
* {{Citation | last = Paine | first = Randall | title = The Universe and Mr. Chesterton | publisher = Sherwood Sugden | year = 1999 | ISBN = 0-89385-511-1}}.
Baris 264 ⟶ 316:
{{Wikilivres|Gilbert Keith Chesterton}}
* {{DMOZ|Arts/Literature/Authors/C/Chesterton%2C_G._K./Works/}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Chesterton,+80|name=G.+ K.+(Gilbert+Keith) Chesterton}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Chesterton, G. K. (Gilbert Keith)|name=G. K. (Gilbert Keith) Chesterton|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Gilbert Keith Chesterton}}
* {{Librivox author |id=426}}
* [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22Chesterton,%20G.%20K.%201874-1936.%22&type=author&inst= Works by G.K. Chesterton], at [[HathiTrust]]
* {{NRA|P5503UK National Archives ID}}
* [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d_OFbxl1hD4S7pTg6Vchv8xJMMqxhhYffxRtgH9MZE4/pub What's Wrong: GKC in Periodicals] Articles by G. K. Chesterton in periodicals, with critical annotations.
* {{Citation | url = http://www.chesterton.org/ | title = The American Chesterton Society | accessdate = 2010-10-28 October 2010}}.
* [http://essays.quotidiana.org/chesterton/ G. K. Chesterton: Quotidiana]
* [http://www.wheaton.edu/wadecenter/Authors/GK-Chesterton/ G.K. Chesterton research collection] at The Marion E. Wade Center at [[Wheaton College (Illinois)|Wheaton College]]
Baris 282 ⟶ 336:
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