Kodeks: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Romawi Kuno|Orang-orang Romawi]] menggunakan media tulis berupa [[loh lilin|loh-loh kayu berlapis lilin]] yang dapat digunakan berulang-ulang untuk membuat catatan atau tulisan-tulisan informal lainnya. Dua buah [[poliptik]] kuno, satu ''pentatik'' dan satu ''oktotik'', hasil ekskavasi di [[Herculaneum]], menggunakan sistem sambung unik yang tampak seperti pendahulu dari cara jilid dengan menggunakan pita kulit atau tambang sebagai penyambung bagian-bagian buku.<ref>{{cite book|last=Carratelli|first=Giovanni Pugliese|title= "L'instrvmentvm Scriptorivm Nei Monumenti Pompeiani Ed Ercolanesi." in Pompeiana. Raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli di Pompei.|year=1950|pages=166–78.}}</ref> [[Julius Caesar|Iulius Caesar]] boleh jadi adalah orang Romawi pertama yang memangkas gulungan-gulungan menjadi lembaran-lembaran yang dijilid membentuk sebuah buku tulis atau mungkin pula sebuah kodeks papirus.<ref>Selama [[Perang Galia]]; Suet. ''Jul.'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Julius*.html#56.6 56.6]; cf. {{Citation|last=Roberts|first= Colin H.|last2=Skeat|first2=Theodore Cressy|author2-link=Theodore Cressy Skeat|title=The Birth of the Codex|place=Oxford|publisher = Oxford University Press|year=1983|page=18 sq.|isbn=0-19-726061-6}}</ref> Pada pergantian abad ke-1 M, sejenis buku tulis dalam bentuk lipatan perkamen yang disebut ''pugillares membranei'' dalam bahasa Latin mulai lazim digunakan untuk keperluan tulis-menulis di [[Kekaisaran Romawi]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Colin H|last2=Skeat|first2=TC|title=The Birth of the Codex|year=1983|publisher=British Academy|location= London|isbn=0-19-726061-6|pages=15–22}}</ref> [[Theodore Cressy Skeat]] mengemukakan teori bahwa bentuk buku tulis ini diciptakan di Roma dan kemudian tersebar ke Timur Dekat. <ref>{{cite book|last=Skeat|first= T.C.|title=The Collected Biblical Writings of T.C. Skeat.|year=2004|publisher=E.J. Brill |location= Leiden|isbn=90-04-13920-6|page=45|url=https://books.google.pl/books?id=td_OLXo4RvkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Collected+Biblical+Writings+of+T.C.+Skeat&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=in%20at%20least%20three%20cases&f=false}}</ref>

 

 

<!-- In his discussion of one of the earliest parchment codices to survive from [[Oxyrhynchus]] in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat’s notion when stating, “…its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory”, and that “early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt.”<ref>{{cite book|last=Turner|first=Eric|title=The Typology of the Early Codex|year=1977|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8122-7696-1 |page=38}}</ref> Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent (Cicero ''Fam.'' 9.26.1). The [[parchment]] notebook pages were commonly washed or scraped for re-use (called a [[palimpsest]]) and consequently, writings in a codex were often considered informal and impermanent.

The ancients stored codices with spines facing inward, and not always vertically. The spine could be used for the [[incipit]], before the concept of a proper title developed in medieval times. Though most early codices were made of [[papyrus]], papyrus was fragile and supplies from Egypt, the only place where papyrus grew and was made into paper, became scanty. The more durable [[parchment]] and [[vellum]] gained favor, despite the cost. -->

 

 

 

[[Yudaisme|Agama Yahudi]] masih melestarikan pembuatan Kitab [[Taurat]] dalam format gulungan, setidaknya untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan-kegiatan seremonial.