Sejarah Myanmar: Perbedaan antara revisi
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=== 1990–2006 ===
{{Utama|Dewan Perdamaian dan Perkembangan Negara}}
Pemerintah militer memaklumkan perubahan nama negara dari ''Birma'' menjadi ''Myanmar'' pada 1989. Pemerintah militer juga melanjutkan reformasi ekonomi yang dirintis oleh rezim lama, dan menyelenggarakan sebuah s started by the old regime and called for a Constituent Assembly to revise the 1974 Constitution. This led to pemilihan umum multipartai pada bulan Mei 1990 yang dimenangkan secara telak oleh [[Liga Nasional untuk Demokrasi]] (LND), won a landslide victory over the [[National Unity Party (Burma)|National Unity Party]] (NUP, the successor to the BSPP) and about a dozen smaller parties.<ref name="ms"/>
The military would not let the assembly convene, and continued to hold the two leaders of the LND, [[U Tin U]] and [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], putri dari Aung San, under house arrest imposed on them the previous year. Burma came under increasing international pressure to convene the elected assembly, particularly after Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1991, and also faced [[economic sanctions]]. In April 1992 the military replaced [[Saw Maung]] with General [[Than Shwe]].
Than Shwe released U Nu from prison and relaxed some of the restrictions on Aung San Suu Kyi's house arrest, finally releasing her in 1995, although she was forbidden to leave Rangoon. Than Shwe also finally allowed a National Convention to meet in January 1993, but insisted that the assembly preserve a major role for the military in any future government, and suspended the convention from time to time. The LND, fed up with the interference, walked out in late 1995, and the assembly was finally dismissed in March 1996 without producing a constitution.
During the 1990s, the military regime had also had to deal with several insurgencies by tribal minorities along its borders. General [[Khin Nyunt]] was able to negotiate cease-fire agreements that ended the fighting with the [[Kokang]], hill tribes such as the [[Wa State|Wa]], and the [[Kachin people|Kachin]], but the [[Karen people|Karen]] would not negotiate. The military finally captured the main Karen base at [[Manerplaw]] in spring 1995, but there has still been no final peace settlement. [[Khun Sa]], a major opium warlord who nominally controlled parts of [[Shan State]], made a deal with the government in December 1995 after US pressure.
After the failure of the National Convention to create a new constitution, tensions between the government and the LND mounted, resulting in two major crackdowns on the LND in 1996 and 1997. The SLORC was abolished in November 1997 and replaced by the [[State Peace and Development Council]] (SPDC), but it was merely a cosmetic change. Continuing reports of human rights violations in Burma led the United States to intensify sanctions in 1997, and the [[European Union]] followed suit in 2000.
The military placed [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] under house arrest again in September 2000 until May 2002, when her travel restrictions outside of Rangoon were also lifted. Reconciliation talks were held with the government, but these came to a stalemate and Suu Kyi was once again taken into custody in May 2003 after an ambush on her motorcade reportedly by a pro-military mob. The government also carried out another large-scale crackdown on the LND, arresting many of its leaders and closing down most of its offices. The situation in Burma remains tense to this day.
In August 2003, Kyin Nyunt announced a seven-step "[[roadmap to democracy]]", which the government claims it is in the process of implementing. There is no timetable associated with the government’s plan, or any conditionality or independent mechanism for verifying that it is moving forward. For these reasons, most Western governments and Burma's neighbours have been sceptical and critical of the roadmap.
On 17 February 2005, the government reconvened the National Convention, for the first time since 1993, in an attempt to rewrite the Constitution. However, major pro-democracy organisations and parties, including the [[National League for Democracy]], were barred from participating, the military allowing only selected smaller parties. It was adjourned once again in January 2006.
In November 2005, the military junta started moving the government away from [[Yangon]] to an unnamed location near Kyatpyay just outside [[Pyinmana]], to a newly designated capital city. This public action follows a long term unofficial policy of moving critical military and government infrastructure away from Yangon to avoid a repetition of the events of [[8888 Uprising|1988]]. On Armed Forces Day (27 March 2006), the capital was officially named [[Naypyidaw|Naypyidaw Myodaw]] (lit. Royal City of the Seat of Kings).
Pada 2005, ibu kota negara dipindahkan dari [[Yangon]] ke [[Naypyidaw]].
Pada bulan November 2006, [[Organisasi Buruh Internasional]] mengumumkan akan berupaya – di [[Mahkamah Internasional]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2006-11-16T163442Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_India-276537-1.xml&archived=False |title=ILO seeks to charge Myanmar junta with atrocities |publisher=Reuters|date=16 November 2006 |accessdate=17 November 2006 }}</ref> – "untuk menuntut anggota-anggota junta militer Myanmar yang sementara berkuasa atas dakwaan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan" karena mewajibkan berkesinambungan untuk melakukan [[kerja paksa]]. Menurut Organisasi Buruh Internasional, diperkirakan ada 800.000 orang yang diwajibkan menjalani kerja paksa di Myanmar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/GC29Ae02.html|title=Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam|publisher=|accessdate=4 Februari 2016}}</ref> -->
=== Protes anti pemerintah 2007 ===
{{Utama|Unjuk rasa anti-pemerintahan Myanmar 2007}}
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