Biara (tempat tinggal): Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:TangoMonastery.jpg|thumb|Wihara Tango, [[Bhutan]]]]
Biara-biara agama Buddha, yang disebut [[wihara]], muncul sekitar abad ke-4 SM karena adanya praktik [[vassa|warsa]] ({{lang-pi|vassa}}) atau masa istirahat bagi para biksu dan biksuni selama [[musim hujan]] di Asia Selatan. Agar tidak merusak tanaman yang baru tumbuh atau terjebak dalam cuaca buruk, para biksu dan biksuni dianjurkan untuk menetap bersama-sama untuk sementara waktu di satu tempat tertentu selama kurang lebih tiga bulan, biasanya mulai pertengahan bulan Juli. Di luar masa warsa, baik biksu maupun biksuni menjalani hidupnya sambil berkeliling meminta-minta makanan dari kota ke kota. Masa warsa mula-mula dijalani di bangsal-bangsal dan taman-taman yang telah didermakan kepada [[Sangha|sangga]] ({{lang-pi|sangha}}) oleh para hartawan penyokong agama Buddha. Seiring perkembangan zaman, praktik tinggal bersama
Wihara-wihara di [[India]] lambat laun berkembang menjadi pusat-pusat pendidikan, tempat asas-asas filsafat digagas dan ditelaah bersama-sama. Tradisi pendidikan semacam ini masih dijalankan oleh universitas-universitas wihara [[Wajrayana]] dan sekolah-sekolah serta universitas-universitas agama Buddha yang didirikan oleh tarekat-tarekat rohaniwan Buddha.
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Whereas early monasteries are considered to have been held in common by the entire ''[[Sangha (Buddhism)|sangha]]'', in later years this tradition diverged in a number of countries. Despite ''[[vinaya]]'' prohibitions on possessing wealth, many monasteries became large land owners, much like monasteries in medieval Christian Europe. In [[China]], peasant families worked monastic-owned land in exchange for paying a portion of their yearly crop to the resident monks in the monastery, just as they would to a [[feudal]] landlord. In [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Tibet]], the ownership of a monastery often became vested in a single monk, who would often keep the property within the family by passing it on to a nephew who ordained as a monk. In [[Japan]], where civil authorities permitted Buddhist monks to marry, being the head of a temple or monastery sometimes became a hereditary position, passed from father to son over many generations.
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