Placodermi: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{taxobox
| name = Placodermi
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|430|360|latest=present}} [[era Llandovery|Llandovery]] akhir – [[Devon (periode)|Devon]] akhi
| image = Bothriolepis panderi.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Fossil of ''[[Bothriolepis|Bothriolepis panderi]]'' showing its [[caliper|caliper-like]] [[pectoral fin]]s
| authority = [[Frederick McCoy|McCoy]], 1848
| subdivision_ranks = [[Ordo (biologi)|Ordo]]
| subdivision =
[[Antiarchi]] [[punah|†]]<br />
[[Arthrodira]] †<br />
[[Brindabellaspida]] †<br />
[[Petalichthyida]] †<br />
[[Phyllolepida]] †<br />
[[Ptyctodontida]] †<br />
[[Rhenanida]] †<br />
[[Acanthothoraci]] †<br />
?[[Pseudopetalichthyida]] †<br />
?[[Stensioellida]] †
}}
'''Placodermi''' (Dari bahasa yunani πλάξ = Perisai dan δέρμα = Kulit) adalah spesies ikan berperisai yang telah punah, diketahui dari fossilnya, spesies ini hidup diantara periode [[Silur]], hingga periode [[Devon (periode)]] akhir. Kepala ikan ini, dilindungi oleh plat keras, sedangkan, seluruh bagian tubuh lainnya tidak diselimuti oleh perisai ini. Taxa Placodermi, dianggap sebagai [[paraphyleti]] yang berkerabat dengan seluruh ikan yang hidup saat ini.
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Banyak placoderms, terutama Rhenanida, Petalichthyida, Phyllolepida, dan Antiarchi, adalah penghuni bawah. Secara khusus, antiarchs, dengan sirip dada pirus yang sangat termodifikasi, merupakan penghuni yang sangat sukses dari habitat air tawar Devon Tengah Akhir-Akhir dan habitat laut dangkal, dengan genus Afrika Tengah sampai Akhir, Bothriolepis, yang diketahui dari lebih dari 100 spesies yang valid. ] Sebagian besar placoderms adalah predator, banyak di antaranya tinggal di atau dekat substrat. Banyak, terutama Arthrodira, aktif, predator nektonik yang tinggal di bagian tengah sampai permukaan air.
== Referensi ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ahlberg | first1 = P.E. | last2 = Trinajstic | first2 = K. | last3 = Johanson | first3 = Z. | last4 = Long | first4 = J.A. | year = 2009 | title = Pelvic claspers confirm chondrichthyan-like internal fertilization in arthrodires | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = | pages = 888–889 }}
* Janvier, P. ''Early Vertebrates'' Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-19-854047-7}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Long | first1 = J.A. | year = 1983 | title = New bothriolepid fishes from the Late Devonian of Victoria, Australia | url = | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 26 | issue = | pages = 295–320 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Long | first1 = J.A. | year = 1984 | title = New phyllolepids from Victoria and the relationships of the group | url = | journal = Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales | volume = 107 | issue = | pages = 263–308 }}
* Long, J.A. ''The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution'' Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. {{ISBN|0-8018-5438-5}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Long | first1 = J.A. | last2 = Trinajstic | first2 = K. | year = 2010 | title = The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lagerstatte – Exceptional preservation and Diversity in early Vertebrates | url = | journal = Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences | volume = 38 | issue = | pages = 665–680 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Long | first1 = J.A. | last2 = Trinajstic | first2 = K. | last3 = Young | first3 = G.C. | last4 = Senden | first4 = T. | year = 2008 | title = Live birth in the Devonian | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 453 | issue = | pages = 650–652 | doi=10.1038/nature06966}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Long | first1 = J.A. | last2 = Trinajstic | first2 = K. | last3 = Johanson | first3 = Z. | year = 2009 | title = Devonian arthrodire embryos and the origin of internal fertilization in vertebrates | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 457 | issue = | pages = 1124–1127 | doi=10.1038/nature07732}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Zhu | first1 = M | last2 = Yu | first2 = X | last3 = Choo | first3 = B | last4 = Wang | first4 = J | last5 = Jia | first5 = L | year = 2012 | title = An antiarch placoderm shows that pelvic girdles arose at the root of jawed vertebrates | url = http://intl-rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/3/453.abstract | journal = Biology Letters | volume = 8 | issue = 3| pages = 453–456 | doi=10.1098/rsbl.2011.1033}}
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[[Kategori:Placodermi| ]]
[[Kategori:Ikan prasejarah]]
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