Shengnü: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''''Sheng nu''''' ('''[[wikt:剩女|剩女]]'''; '''''shèngnǚ'''''; terjemahan umum: "wanita sisa" atau "perempuan sisa") adalah sebuah [[istilah ejekan]] yang dipopulerkan oleh [[Federasi Wanita Seluruh Tiongkok]] yang mengklasifikasikan wanita yang masih belum menikah pada usia akhir dua puluh tahunan atau lebih.<ref name=BBC>{{cite news |last=Magistad |first=Mary Kay |date=20 February 2013 |title=BBC News - China's 'leftover women', unmarried at 27 |work=[[BBC News]] |location=Beijing |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21320560 |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=DM>{{cite news |last=Simpson |first=Peter |date=21 February 2013 |title=The 'leftover' women: China defines official age for females being left on the shelf as 27 |work=[[Mail Online]] |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2282249/The-leftover-women-China-defines-official-age-females-left-shelf-27.html |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sebag-Montefiore |first=Clarissa |date=21 August 2012 |title=Romance With Chinese Characteristics |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/romance-with-chinese-characteristics/?_r=0 |accessdate=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref name="TCD3">{{cite news|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/weekly/2012-11/30/content_15972982.htm|title=The marry-by date outlives its usefulness|date=30 November 2012|author=He Fing|publisher=''[[The China Daily]]''|accessdate=2015-03-12}}</ref> Istilah tersebut banyak dipakai di [[Tiongkok]], termasuk program dan pengarahan yang disponsori negara, selain juga dipakai untuk menyebut wanita di sepanjang [[Asia]], [[India]], dan [[Amerika Utara]].<ref name=PULITZER>{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Deborah Jian |author2=Sushima Subramanian |date=17 October 2011 |title=China's Educated Women Can't Find Eligible Men |work=[[Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting]] |location=China |url=http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/china-women-marriage-education-employment |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=PD>{{cite news |last=HuangJin |first=Chen Lidan |date=26 February 2013 |script-title=zh:中国"剩女"现象引热议 国外网友称欲学中文来中国 |work=[[People's Daily]] |language=zh |trans-title=China's 'leftover women' phenomenon arouses heated debate in West |url=http://www.zj.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/sociology/2013-02/23/c_114777483.htm |accessdate=23 April 2013}} – [http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/8144310.html English]</ref> Istilah tersebut banyak dipakai di media umum dan telah menjadi subyek dari beberapa serial televisi, majalah dan artikel surat kabar, dan publikasi buku yang berfokus pada aspek baik dan buruk dari istilah tersebut dan budaya sekitarnya.<ref name=UCDM>{{cite news |last1=Ng |first1=Valerie |last2=Nilsson |first2=Erik |date=12 February 2012 |title=Much ado about shengnu |publisher=''[[The China Daily]]'' |url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-02/12/content_17279212.htm |accessdate=2014-04-16}}</ref> Xu Xiaomin dari ''[[The China Daily]]'' menyebut sheng nu merupakan "sepasukan sosial yang diperhitungkan" sementara yang lainnya berpendapat bahwa istilah tersebut harus dianggap positif sebagai pengartian "wanita sukses".<ref name=TID>{{cite news |last=Pratten |first=Nyima |date=19 March 2013 |title=Don't pity China's 'leftover women', they've got more going for them than you realise |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/dont-pity-chinas-leftover-women-theyve-got-more-going-for-them-than-you-realise-8536872.html |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="TNYT2">{{cite news |last=Schott |first=Ben |date=15 March 2010 |title=Leftover Ladies & 3S Women |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/15/leftover-ladies-3s-women/ |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> Istilah [[slang]], '''''3S''''' atau '''''3S Women''''', yang artinya "''single, seventies (1970s), and stuck''" ("lajang, tujuh puluhan (1970an), dan tersangkut") juga dipakai untuk menggantikan sheng nu.<ref name="TNYT2" /><ref name=CNN1>{{cite news |last=Yao |first=Joanne |date=13 August 2010 |title=Love letters: The A, B, C and D of finding 'the one' in Shanghai |work=[[CNN]] |url=http://travel.cnn.com/shanghai/life/shanghai-finding-one-be-increasingly-difficult-480809 |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> Istilah setara untuk pria, ''guang gun'' ([[wikt:光棍|光棍]]) yang artinya cabang tunggal, dipakai untuk menyebut pria yang belum menikah dan belum bisa menambahkan 'cabang-cabang' pada [[pohon keluarga]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian demography: The flight from marriage |date=20 August 2011 |work=[[The Economist]] |location=Seoul and Taipei |url=http://www.economist.com/node/21526329 |accessdate=18 April 2013}}</ref> Secara bersamaan, ''shengnan'' (剩男) atau "pria sisa" juga dipakai.<ref name="TNYT2" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-04/24/content_9770152.htm|title=The Dating game by Jiangsu TV|newspaper=[[China Daily]]|date=2010-04-24|author=Lin Qi|accessdate=2017-07-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lintellettualedissidente.it/filosofia/amore-appuntamenti-cina/|title=Amore con appuntamento: delirio occidentale a Chinatown|newspaper=L'Intellettuale Dissidente|author=di Francesco Pietrobelli|date=20 June 2017|language=it|accessdate=2017-07-10}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Sex ratio at birth in mainland China.png|thumbjmpl|upright=2|Sex ratio pada kelahiran di Tiongkok daratan, laki-laki per 100 perempuan, 1980-2010.]]

[[Kebijakan satu anak]] (Program Keluarga Berencana) dan [[aborsi selektif jenis kelamin]] di Tiongkok menyebabakan pertumbuhan ketimpangan dalam [[sex ratio manusia|keseimbangan gender]] di negara tersebut.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="DM" /> Sejak tahun 1979, saat kebijakan satu anak diperkenalkan, sekitar 20 juta laki-laki lahir melebihi perempuan, atau 120 laki-laki dari 100 kelahiran perempuan,<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:英国网民热议中国"剩女"：结婚越早离婚率越高_雅虎资讯|last=花勇军 |date=23 February 2013 |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |publisher=[[China Radio International]] |language=Chinese |url=http://news.cn.yahoo.com/ypen/20130223/1620574.html |accessdate=23 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=ATL>{{cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Sushma |last2=Lee |first2=Deborah Jian |title=For China's Educated Single Ladies, Finding Love Is Often a Struggle |date=19 October 2011 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/for-chinas-educated-single-ladies-finding-love-is-often-a-struggle/246892/ |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref> dan pada tahun 2020, Tiongkok diperkirakan memiliki 24 juta laki-laki melebihi perempuan.<ref>{{cite web |title=China's Bachelors: When Men Outnumber Women |publisher=Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting |url=http://pulitzercenter.org/projects/china-population-women-bachelor-marriage}}</ref> Rata-rata global adalah 103 banding 107 perempuan.<ref name=REU>{{cite news |title=In China, signs that one-child policy may be coming to an end |last=Wee |first=Sui-Lee |last2=Li |first2=Hui |date=21 January 2013 |work=[[Reuters]] |location=[[Jiuquan]], China |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/21/us-china-population-idUSBRE90K0UV20130121 |accessdate=29 March 2013}}</ref>

[[Berkas:One child policy.jpg|thumbjmpl|Tanda pemerintah menyatakan: "Demi negara makmur, berkuasa dan keluarga bahagia, mohon pakai kelahiran berencana."]]

* [http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/witness/2016/05/china-fake-boyfriends-160522081331610.html China's ''Fake Boyfriends'']. Witness, Al Jazeera English, May 2016