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=Madaka=
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Sieraden en andere kostbaarheden getoond door de raja van Anakalang Sumba TMnr 60002196.jpg|thumb|right|A picture of the Anakalang society of west Sumba showing various heirloom objects, e.g. [[mamuli]], [[marangga]], and madaka.]]
Madaka, juga mendaka, adalah sebuah tipe perhiasan logam mulia yang ditemukan di kebudayaan megalithikum orang Sumba bagian barat di Pulau Sumba, Indonesia (misalnya suku Anakalang). Seperti kebanyakan objek logam mulia lain di kebudayaan Sumba, madaka dianggap sebagai objek pusaka yang berharga dan diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi.
'''Madaka''', also written as '''mendaka''', is a type of precious metal valuable to the [[Sumba people]] of [[Sumba]] Island, [[Indonesia]]. It is found in the [[Megalith|megalithic]] culture of the western Sumba people, e.g. the tribe of [[Anakalang]]. Of all precious metal valuable to Sumba people, the madaka is considered to be the most sacred type of gold heirloom. In this photograph, the madaka is the third hung object from the right.{{sfn|Richter|Carpenter|2012|p=120}}
==Bentuk dan evolusinya==
Madaka memiliki bentuk yang bisa dijelaskan sebagai bongkahan berbentuk cangkang kerang. Menurut beberapa orang, bentuk madak merepresentasikan [[naga]], duri-duri radial merepresentasikan tulang-tulang naga, dan bukaan pada madaka sebagai mulutnya. Orang-orang tua di suku Anakalang Sumba barat menjelaskan bahwa madaka adalah benda pusaka paling tua dan paling suci di Sumba. Beberapa madaka ditaksir berumur lima sampai enam abad yang lalu. Madaka mungkim datang dari Jawa dimana objek tersebut diberikan sebagai bentuk penghargaan kepada pejabat tinggi.
Bentuk madaka merupakan variasi dari objek Sumba lainnya yang bernama [[mamuli]], dengan barisan duri-duri berbentuk radial yang mengitari sebuah lubang dengan potongan ditengahnya. Bentuj mamuli merepresentasikan vagina, simbol dari wanita dan kemampuan wanita untuk membuat kehidupan. Bentuk seperti omega pada mamuli dna madaka juga disebut dengan nama "oval terbuka". Bentuk "oval terbuka" banyak ditemukan diseoanjang [[kepulauan]] Indonesia, misalnya di Sumatera utara (''duri-duri'' orang Batak)
Madaka have the shape best described as scalloped lumps. According to some Sumbanese people, the madaka was a stylized [[naga]] dragon: the radiating spokes are said to represent the spine of tha ''naga'', and the opening its mouth. [[Anakalang]] elders explained that the madaka was the most archaic and sacred of all gold heirlooms of Sumba. Some madaka date back five or six centuries.{{sfn|Richter|Carpenter|2012|p=152}} Madaka have been presented by the ancient rulers of [[Java]] as tokens of high office.{{sfn|Richter|Carpenter|2012|p=120}}
The shape is a variation of another Sumba ornament called the [[mamuli]], with a row of radiating spokes surrounding a hole and a slit in the middle. In the case of the mamuli, the shape represents female genitalia and symbolizes female sexuality and the ability of women to create life. The archaic omega-shaped form of both mamuli and madaka is also known as "open oval". In the case of the madaka, one of the two finials (which are on each side of the bottom slit) protrudes further than the other. This is comparable with other open oval forms found in the [[nusantara|Indonesian archipelago]], e.g. the ''duri-duri'' of the [[Batak people|Batak]], far west in [[Sumatra]].{{sfn|Richter|Carpenter|2012|p=120}}
==Function==
Madaka digunakan sebagai objek pusaka yang dikumpulkan oleh kepala adat sepnjang waktu. Madaka lebih sering disimpan didalam rumah. Bersama dengan objek pusaka lain seperti mamuli dan marangga, madaka disimpan di ruang dibawah atap rumah tradisional Sumba, uma mbatangu. Madaka hanya dibawa keluar pada saat upacara-uoacara penting dan selalu dibawah pengawasan dukun desa.
The madaka of Sumba are used as a kind of heirloom object that was accumulated by the clan leader through time and mostly kept in the interior. Together with other heirloom objects e.g. the marangga and the mamuli, madaka are kept in the attic of the noble's uma mbatangu or the [[Sumbanese traditional house|traditional Sumbanese peaked house]]. They are brought into the light only during ritual occasions and under the control of the village priests.{{sfn|Rodgers|1988|p=332}}
The madaka is instrumental in marriage ceremonies, as it is one of the many objects. The madaka is given to the wife-taker from the family of the wive-giver.
==Lihat juga==
*[[Mamuli]]
*[[Marangga]]
==Referensi==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliografi==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last1=Richter |first1=Anne |last2=Carpenter |first2=Bruce W. |title=Gold Jewellery of the Indonesian Archipelago |publisher=Editions Didier Millet |location= |year=2012 |isbn=9789814260381 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |last=Rodgers |first=Susan |title=Power and gold: jewelry from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines : from the collection of the Barbier-Mueller Museum, Geneva |publisher=Prestek-Verlag |location= |year=1988 |isbn=9783791308593 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
[[Kategori:Sumba]]
=Piha kaetta=
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