Melania Trump: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

== Kehidupan awal ==

Melanija Knavs lahir di [[Novo Mesto]] di sebelah tenggara [[Republik Sosialis Slovenia]], bagian dari [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]],<ref name="CollinsModel">{{cite news|author=Lauren Collins|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/09/who-is-melania-trump|title=The Model American: Melania Trump is the exception to her husband's nativist politics|date=May 9, 2016|magazine=The New Yorker}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dolenjskilist.si/2016/11/10/165255/novice/dolenjska/O_Melaniji_je_prvi_porocal_Dolenjski_list/ |title=O Melaniji je prvi poročal Dolenjski list |newspaper=Dolenjski list [Lower Carniola Newspaper] |language=Slovenian |trans_title=The First to Report about Melania was Dolenjski List |date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> pada tanggal 26 April 1970.<ref name=biography.com>{{cite web|url= http://www.biography.com/people/melania-trump-812016 |title=Melania Trump Biography: Model (1970–) | publisher= [[Biography.com]] ([[FYI (TV network)|FYI]] / [[A&E Networks]]) | accessdate= November 22, 2016}}</ref> Ia merupakan putri dari Amalija (née Ulčnik) dan Viktor Knavs, pengelola gerai mobil dan motor milik pemerintah.<ref name=Ioffe>{{cite news |title=Melania Trump on Her Rise, Her Family Secrets, and Her True Political Views: "Nobody Will Ever Know" |url=http://www.gq.com/story/melania-trump-gq-interview|first=Julia|last=Ioffe|date=April 27, 2016|work=GQ|accessdate=April 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name=Greenhouse17Aug>{{cite news |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-08-17/vitamins-and-caviar-getting-to-know-melania-trump |title=Vitamins & Caviar: Getting to Know Melania Trump |first=Emily |last=Greenhouse |publisher=[[Bloomberg Politics]] |date=August 17, 2015 |accessdate=September 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.politikis.si/?p=163431 |title=CNN v Arhivu Slovenije: Oče Melanie Trump Viktor Knavs je bil komunist! Trump je to gladko zamolčal svojim volivcem! |language=Slovenian |trans_title=CNN in the Archives of Slovenia: Melania's Father Viktor Knavs Was a Communist! Trump Swiftly Conceals this From His Voters |date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> Bapaknya berasal dari kota [[Radeče]].<ref name=Ioffe/> Ibunya berasal dari desa [[Raka, Krško|Raka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://celjan.si/arhiv/index.php?pid=64|title=Tednik CELJAN|publisher=Celjan.si|accessdate=November 25, 2011}}</ref> dan pernah bekerja sebagai pemola pakaian di pabrik baju anak "Jutranjka" di [[Sevnica]].<ref name=Ioffe/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://legends.filminspector.com/2016/04/melania-trump-slovenian-model-legend.html|title=Melania Trump: Slovenian Model Legend|date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> Setelah menjadi model, ia mengganti marganya yang berdialek Slavik, Knavs, menjadi marga yang berdialek Jerman, Knauss.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2016/07/19/10-Things-You-Should-Know-About-Melania-Trump|title=10 Things You Should Know About Melania Trump|publisher=}}</ref>

 

Ia memulai karier modelnya pada usia 5 tahun dan menjadi bintang iklan pada usia 16 tahun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parenting.com/blogs/hip-mama/melania-trump-shares-her-1-parenting-tip-and-secrets-lasting-marriage|title=Melania Trump Juggles Motherhood, Marriage, and a Career Just Like Us|last=|first=|date=|website=Parenting.com|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> Saat itu ia berpose untuk fotografer busana Slovenia, Stane Jerko.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://siol.net/trendi/moda-in-lepota/stane-jerko-fotograf-ki-je-odkril-melanijo-415646 |title=Stane Jerko – fotograf, ki je odkril Melanijo |language=Slovenian |trans_title=Stane Jerko, the Photographer Who Discovered Melania |date=April 24, 2016}}</ref> Pada usia 18 tahun, ia direkrut oleh [[agen model]] di [[Milan|Milan, Italia]].<ref name=NYPost0816/> Ia menjadi finalis kontes "[[Elite Model Look|Look of the Year]]" ''Jana Magazine'' tahun 1992 di Ljubljana; tiga pemenang utamanya mendapat kontrak model internasional.<ref name=Ioffe/><ref name=Collins9May>{{cite news |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/09/who-is-melania-trump |title=The Model American |first=Lauren |last=Collins |work=The New Yorker |date=May 9, 2016 |accessdate=May 2, 2016}}</ref>

 

Setelah kuliah di [[Universitas Ljubljana]] selama satu tahun,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/melania-trump-college-claims_us_578dd95ce4b0c53d5cfac0dc |title=Melania Trump's Claims She Graduated From College Are About As Credible As Her Speech Last Night |last=Wilkie |first=Christina |last2= |first2= |date=July 19, 2016 |website=The Huffington Post |publisher= |access-date=July 20, 2016}}</ref> Melania menjadi model busana di [[Milan]] dan Paris. Ia pindah ke New York City pada tahun 1996;<ref name=NYPost0816>{{cite news |last=Charles |first=Marissa |title=Melania Trump would be a First Lady for the Ages |date=August 16, 2015 |newspaper=[[New York Post]] |url=http://nypost.com/2015/08/16/melania-trump-would-be-a-first-lady-for-the-ages/ |accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> kontrak dan visanya diurus oleh pebisnis asal Italia, [[Paolo Zampolli]].<ref name=Ioffe/> Lewat pengacaranya, Melania mengatakan bahwa ia datang ke Amerika Serikat dengan visa pelancong bisnis pada Agustus 1996. Ia mendapatkan [[visa H-1B]] pada bulan Oktober 1996. Setelah itu, ia secara rutin pulang ke Slovenia untuk mendapatkan empat visa kerja satu tahun karena saat itu warga Slovenia hanya bisa mendapatkan visa satu tahun di Amerika Serikat. Bulan November 2016, [[Associated Press]] melaporkan bahwa ia dibayar $20.056 untuk 10 kontrak modelnya di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1996 sebelum mendapat izin resmi untuk bekerja di negara itu. Menanggapi berita tersebut, pengacaranya menyatakan bahwa dokumen yang diperoleh AP "belum diverifikasi, [dan] tidak sesuai dengan catatan kami, termasuk stempel paspor yang bersangkutan."<ref name="CBS110516">{{cite news|title=AP: Melania Trump modeled in U.S. prior to getting work visa|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/melania-trump-modeled-in-u-s-prior-to-getting-work-visa/|accessdate=November 5, 2016|agency=Associated Press|publisher=CBS|date=November 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Caldwell|first1=Alice A.|last2=Day|first2=Chad|last3=Pearson|first3=Jake|title=Trump's wife modeled in U.S. prior to getting work visa|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trumps-wife-modeled-in-us-prior-to-getting-work-visa/2016/11/04/b2acecf4-a2f7-11e6-8864-6f892cad0865_story.html|accessdate=November 5, 2016|work=Washington Post}}</ref>

 

== Peran dalam Pilpres A.S. 2016 ==

{{Main article|Kampanye presiden Donald Trump 2016}}

 

Pada November 2015, saat ditanyai soal kampanye presiden suaminya, Melania menjawab: "Saya mendukungnya karena saya tahu yang akan ia lakukan dan dapat ia lakukan untuk negaranya. Ia cinta rakyat Amerika Serikat dan ia ingin menolong mereka."<ref>{{cite news |last=Effron |first=Lauren |date=November 20, 2015 |title=Why You Don't See Donald Trump's Wife Melania Out on the Campaign Trail |publisher=ABC News |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-wife-melania-campaign-trail/story?id=35309120}}</ref> Melania memainkan peran kecil dalam kampanye suaminya, tidak seperti pasangan calon presiden lainnya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/287809-melania-trump-anything-but-the-typical-candidates-wife|title=Melania Trump anything but the typical candidate's wife|first=Rebecca|last=Dickson|date=July 17, 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/after-convention-stumble-melania-trump-has-largely-vanished-from-campaign/2016/09/08/c887d576-6bab-11e6-8225-fbb8a6fc65bc_story.html|title=After convention stumble, Melania Trump has largely vanished from campaign|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/melania-trump-makes-first-solo-campaign-appearance-in-philadelphia/a-36254979|title=Melania Trump makes first solo campaign appearance in Philadelphia - News - DW.COM - 03.11.2016|first=Deutsche Welle|last=(www.dw.com)|publisher=}}</ref>

 

Pada Juli 2016, situs web resmi Melania dialihkan ke Trump.com. Di Twitter, ia menyatakan bahwa situsnya sudah kedaluwarsa dan "tidak mencerminkan kepentingan bisnis dan profesinya saat ini."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tynan |first1=Dan |title=Melania no more: why did Donald Trump take down his wife's website? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/29/melania-trump-website-take-down-donald-reputation |website=The Guardian |accessdate=August 28, 2016 |date=July 29, 2016}}</ref> Perubahan ini terjadi setelah media secara luas melaporkan bahwa situs tersebut mencantumkan dengan keliru selama lebih dari 10 tahun bahwa Melania memiliki gelar sarjana arsitektur dan desain dari [[Universitas Ljubljana]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Lawler |first=David |date=July 29, 2016 |title=Melania Trump's website disappears after questions raised about university degree claims |publisher=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/29/melania-trumps-website-disappears-after-questions-raised-about-u/}}</ref> Biografinya dalam program resmi [[Konvensi Nasional Republik 2016]] juga salah mencantumkan bahwa ia memiliki gelar sarjana di Slovenia.<ref name="MoronaCollege"/><ref>O'Donnell, Katy (July 18, 2016). [http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/rnc-2016-melania-trump-biography-225781 "RNC program flubs Melania Trump's biography"]. ''[[Politico]]''. "The RNC refers to a college degree, but Melania left college after one year."</ref>

 

== Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat ==

Melania menjadi [[Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat]] pada tanggal 20 Januari 2017. Ia merupakan perempuan kelahiran luar negeri kedua yang memegang jabatan ini (setelah [[Louisa Adams]], istri [[John Quincy Adams]], yang lahir tahun 1775 di London).{{efn|name=LouisaAdams|Louisa Adams, meski sebelum Melania merupakan satu-satunya Ibu Negara yang lahir di luar Amerika Serikat, adalah putri dari bapak asal Amerika Serikat (Joshua Johnson, [[Konsul (perwakilan)|Konsul]] Amerika Serikat di London) dan otomatis menjadi warga negara Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Bill|last2=Ross|first2=Laura|date=March 4, 2009|title=The First Ladies Fact Book: Revised and Updated! The Childhoods, Courtships, Marriages, Campaigns, Accomplishments, and Legacies of Every First Lady from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpRfLDnY44gC&pg=PT233&dq=louisa+adams+citizenship&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj40uTis7bQAhWI6yYKHUkPCVYQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=louisa%20adams%20citizenship&f=false|publisher=[[Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers]]|isbn=1579128092}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/first-ladies/louisa-adams|title=Louisa Adams - First Ladies|publisher=[[History.com]]|accessdate=November 19, 2016}}</ref> Melania Trump baru menjadi warga negara Amerika Serikat lewat proses naturalisasi pada tahun 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/09/politics/america-new-first-lady/|title=America, meet your new first lady|publisher=[[CNN]]|last=Diamond|first=Jeremy|date=November 10, 2016|accessdate=November 20, 2016}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Melania to be 1st foreign-born First Lady since 1820s|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/melania-trump-to-be-1st-foreignborn-us-first-lady-since-1820s/article9324009.ece|accessdate=November 9, 2016|work=The Hindu|date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37924617|title=US election: Trump children - who is the new first family?|date=November 9, 2016|work=BBC News|accessdate=November 9, 2016}}</ref> Melania adalah Ibu Negara pertama yang melakukan imigrasi ke Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Bill|last2=Ross|first2=Laura|date=March 4, 2009|title=The First Ladies Fact Book: Revised and Updated! The Childhoods, Courtships, Marriages, Campaigns, Accomplishments, and Legacies of Every First Lady from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpRfLDnY44gC&pg=PT233&dq=louisa+adams+citizenship&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj40uTis7bQAhWI6yYKHUkPCVYQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=louisa%20adams%20citizenship&f=false|publisher=[[Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers]]|isbn=1579128092}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/first-ladies/louisa-adams|title=Louisa Adams - First Ladies|publisher=[[History.com]]|accessdate=November 19, 2016}}</ref>