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=Kepala Bhairava=
{{Infobox artwork
| title = Head of Bhairava
| image = MET DP307219.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| other_language_1 =
| other_title_1 =
| artist =
| year = 16th century AD ([[Malla (Nepal)|Malla period]])
| catalogue =
| type = [[Sculpture|sculpture]]
| medium = Gilt copper with rock crystal and paint
| subject =
| height_metric = 81.3
| width_metric = 91.4
| length_metric =
| museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
| city = [[New York City|New York]]
| accession = 2012.444.2
}}
'''Head of Bhairava''' is a mask belonging to [[Nepal]]’s [[Malla (Nepal)|Malla period]]. The sculpture, found from [[Kathmandu valley]], [[Nepal]] was created in 16th century AD. This mask is made of gilt [[copper]] with rock crystal and paint.<ref name=met>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/78187 |title=Head of Bhairava |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |place=[[New York City|New York]] |accessdate=2017-11-24}}</ref> ''[[Bhairava]]'' ({{lang-sa|भैरव}}) is a terrifying manifestation of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Shiva]]. Bhairava is considered as a form of destruction in [[Hindu mythology]]. The Bhairava concept can be seen in not only [[Hinduism]], but also some [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] schools and [[Jainism]].<ref name=puguang>普光《俱舍論記》卷7. [2017-11-24]</ref> This Bhairava head is ornamented with a diadem entwined with snakes and skulls. It embodies rage.<ref name=met />
== Description==
Bhairava is believed to have nine faces and thirty four hands and appears as a black naked figure. Literally ''Bhairava'' means ferociousness or terror. He is depicted as a terrifying god in [[Hinduism]]. [[Bhairava]] is considered as a manifestation of [[Shiva]]. Legends describe that origin of [[Bhairava]] took place due to a struggle between [[Vishnu]] and [[Brahma]].<ref>Shulman, David Dean. In Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees: Essays on the Guardians of Popular Hinduism. Edited by Alf Hiltebeitel, 35–67. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989. [2017-11-24]</ref> [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]] engaged in a struggle about the supreme deity of universe. Brahma considered himself as the supreme deity as he had five heads like Shiva had. Shiva in rage threw a nail of his finger and it turned to ''Kāla Bhairava''. Kāla Bhairava cut off one head of Brahma. Then Brahma realized his fault, Kāla Bhairava is depicted holding Brahma's head ("''Brahma kapāla''").<ref>Sontheimer, Gunther Dietz. In Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees: Essays on the Guardians of Popular Hinduism. Edited by Alf Hiltebeitel, 299–337. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989. [2017-11-24]</ref>
[[Newar]] people in [[Nepal]] has worshipped [[Bhairava]] as a important deity. It can be assumed by the surviving Bhairava temples in [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shaligramrudraksha.com/?page_id=2024 |title=Bhairav Temple – Lord Bhairo Baba |work=shaligramrudraksha.com |accessdate=2017-11-24}}</ref> This mask depicting Bhairava is belonging to [[Nepal]]’s [[Malla (Nepal)|Malla]] period. It was found from the [[Kathmandu valley]], [[Nepal]]. This mask like head was given to [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] by Zimmerman family, in 2012.<ref name=met /> The earrings of the head is shaped like a entwined serpent. The mask bears comparison to an inscribed example belonging to 1560. So the item is dated to 16th century.<ref name=met /> Originally the mask found its right ear missing and its attribute, a large copper pendant earring for the left ear, had been used as a substate.<ref name=met2>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2015/restoring-the-bhairavas-ear|title=Restoring Bhairava’s Ear |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |place=[[New York City|New York]] |accessdate=2017-11-28}}</ref>
== See also==
* [[Bhairava]]
==References ==
{{reflist|1}}
== External links ==
* [https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/ssh.html Himalayan Region 1,400–1600 AD] - [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
[[Category:Nepalese culture]]
[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:History of Nepal]]
=Rudus=
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