Kapal penjelajah Jepang Tone (1937): Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{other ships|Kapal penjelajah Jepang Tone}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:Japanese cruiser Tone.jpg|300px]]
|Ship caption=Japanese heavy cruiser ''Tone''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kekaisaran Jepang]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|Ship name=''Tone''
|Ship namesake=[[Sungai Tone]]
|Ship ordered=1932 (Tahun Fiskal)
|Ship builder=
|Ship laid down=1 Desember 1934
|Ship launched=21 November 1937
|Ship completed=1938
|Ship commissioned=20 November 1938<ref>Lacroix, ''Japanese Cruisers'', hal. 794</ref>
|Ship struck=20 November 1945
|Ship fate=Tenggelam 24 Juli 1945 oleh kapal induk [[USN]] di [[Kure, Hiroshima]] {{coord|34|14|N|132|30|E|display=inline, title}}. Bangkainya diangkat setelah perang dan dihancurkan di Kure tahun 1948.
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Ship class={{sclass-|Tone|kapal penjelajah|0}}
|Ship displacement=11,213 [[ton]] ([[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard]]); 15,443 (final){{Clarify|date=October 2011}}<!--full load? normal?-->
|Ship length= {{convert|189.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{convert|19.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= {{convert|6.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=*Gihon geared turbines{{Clarify|date=October 2011}}<!--how many?-->
*8 oil-fired boilers
*4 [[Drive shaft|shaft]]s
|Ship power={{convert|152,000|shp|kW|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed={{convert|35|kn|km/h|adj=on}}
|Ship range={{convert|8,000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} pada {{convert|18|kn|km/h}}
|Ship complement=874 orang
|Ship armament=*8 × [[20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval gun|20cm/50 caliber Type 3]] (4x2)
*8 × [[12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun|{{convert|127|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}/40]] guns<!--DP guns?-->
*12 × [[Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun|Type 96 {{convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on}}]] AA guns (6x2)
*12 × {{convert|610|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]] (4x3)<!--# reloads?-->
|Ship armor=*{{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}} ([[Belt armor|belt]])
*{{convert|65|-|30|mm|in|abbr=on}} ([[Deck (ship)|deck]])
|Ship aircraft=6 x [[pesawat terbang apung]] [[Aichi E13A]]
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
{{nihongo|'''''Tone'''''|利根|Tone}} adalah kapal pemimpin dalam [[kapal penjelajah berat]] {{sclass |Tone|kapal penjelajah|2}} milik [[Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang]]. The ship was named after the [[Tone River]], in the [[Kantō region]] of [[Japan]] and was completed on 20 November 1938 at [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi]]'s [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] shipyards. ''Tone'' was designed for long-range scouting missions and had a large [[seaplane]] capacity. She was extensively employed during [[World War II]] usually providing scouting services to their [[aircraft carrier]] task forces. She almost always operated in this capacity in conjunction with her [[sister ship]] {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Chikuma|1938|2}}.
==Konstruksi==
'''Tone''' merupakan kakak sulung dari
==Karir==
Sepanjang sejarah [[Perang Dunia 2]], '''Tone''' sangat sering dikirim bersama-sama dengan {{ship|Kapal penjelajah Jepang|Chikuma|1938|2}} dalam beberapa operasi yang membutuhkan jasa 'mata-mata terbang'-nya. [[Pengeboman Pearl Harbor|Penyerangan ke Pearl Harbor]], invasi ke [[Pulau Wake]], dan penyerbuan Port Darwin merupakan karir militernya bersama {{ship|Kapal penjelajah Jepang|Chikuma|1938|2}} untuk pertama kalinya dan kesuksesan ketiga operasi ini sangat bergantung pada pesawat mata-mata mereka. '''Tone''' juga sempat ambil bagian dalam bagian akhir [[Pertempuran Laut Jawa]], yaitu pada saat penyerbuan kota [[Cilacap]] yang akhirnya membuat [[Belanda]] menyerah (dan tak bisa melarikan [[Bung Karno]] ke [[Australia]] karena cegatan {{ship|Kapal induk Jepang|Kaga||2}} dan '''Tone''').
'''Tone''' juga merupakan salah satu bagian dari armada besar dalam [[Serangan Samudra Hindia]] pada 5 April 1942 yang melibatkan 315 pesawat untuk menyerbu pangkalan [[Inggris]] di [[Colombo]]. Setelahnya, ia juga turut serta dalam [[Pertempuran Midway]] dimana informasi mata-mata dari pesawatnya yang terlambat sampai ke telinga Admiral Nagumo akibat terlalu berbelit-belitnya sistem birokrasi internal armada, menjadi awal kehancuran kekuatan udara Kekaisaran Jepang di [[Perang Dunia 2]] setelah musnahnya keempat kapal induk utama IJN di pertempuran tersebut.
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==Nasib==
Masa-masa akhir hidup '''Tone''' sepanjang tahun 1945 dihabiskannya dengan menjadi kapal latihan, dan ia pun menemui ajalnya pada 24 Juli 1945 di peristiwa [[Pengeboman Kure (Juli 1945)|pemboman pangkalan Kure]] oleh [[Sekutu]]. Pada saat itu '''Tone''' hanya mampu berperan sebagai 'benteng mengapung' yang bergantung pada [[pertahanan udara|AAA-nya]] saja, dan tenggelam karena terkena bom dari pesawat-pesawat milik USS Wasp, Bataan, dan Ticonderoga. Dua sampai tiga tahun setelah [[Perang Dunia 2]] berakhir, jasadnya diangkat kembali ke permukaan untuk dibesituakan.
==Catatan kaki==
{{reflist}}
==Referensi==
*{{cite book
| last = Brown
| first = David
| authorlink =
| year = 1990
| title = Warship Losses of World War Two
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location =
| isbn = 1-55750-914-X
}}
*{{Cite book|last=Cox|first=Robert Jon| authorlink=|year=2010|chapter=|title=The Battle Off Samar: Taffy III at Leyte Gulf (5th Edition)|publisher=Agogeebic Press, LLC|location=|isbn= 0-9822390-4-1}}
*{{cite book
| last = D'Albas
| first = Andrieu
| authorlink =
| year = 1965
| title = Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II
| publisher = Devin-Adair Pub
| location =
| isbn = 0-8159-5302-X
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Dull
| first = Paul S.
| authorlink =
| year = 1978
| chapter =
| title = A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location =
| isbn = 0-87021-097-1
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Howarth
| first = Stephen
| authorlink =
| year = 1983
| title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895–1945
| publisher = Atheneum
| location =
| isbn = 0-689-11402-8
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Jentsura
| first = Hansgeorg
| authorlink =
| year = 1976
| chapter =
| title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location =
| isbn = 0-87021-893-X
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Lacroix
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
|author2=Linton Wells
| year = 1997
| chapter =
| title = Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location =
| isbn = 0-87021-311-3
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Whitley
| first = M.J.
| authorlink =
| year = 1995
| chapter =
| title = Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location =
| isbn = 1-55750-141-6
}}
*{{cite web
| last = Parshall
| first = Jon
|author2=Bob Hackett |author3=Sander Kingsepp |author4=Allyn Nevitt
| url = http://www.combinedfleet.com/tone_c.htm
| title = Kelas ''Tone''
| work = Imperial Japanese Navy Page (Combinedfleet.com)
| accessdate = 2016-07-31
}}
==Pranala luar==
* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/tone_t.htm Catatan pergerakan {{PAGENAME}} di CombinedFleet.com]
* [http://www.wtj.com/articles/brehm/tone.htm Wawancara dengan Paul Brehm di ''Ticonderoga'' mengenai penyerangan ''Tone'' pada 28 Juli 1945]
* [http://www.world-war.co.uk/index.php3 Kapal penjelajah berat di Perang Dunia II]
* [http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=19441 Military Times]
{{Kapal penjelajah kelas Tone}}
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