Wikipedia

Kelompok minoritas di Turki: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 168:
Suku Abdal adalah suku bangsa minoritas yang umumnya dapat ditemukan di kawasan tengah dan barat [[Semenanjung Anatolia]]. Suku Abdal masih menjalankan hidup secara berpindah-pindah dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain. Suku Abdal menuturkan bahasa [[argot]] dengan versinya sendiri. Pada umumnya suku Abdal menganut kepercayaan Syi'ah dari sekte [[Alevi]].<ref>Abdal by Peter Alford Andrews pages 435 to 438 in Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey / compiled and edited by Peter Alford Andrews, with the assistance of Rüdiger Benninghaus (Wiesbaden : Dr. Ludwig Reichert, 1989) {{ISBN|3-88226-418-7}}</ref>
 
=== Orang-orang keturunan Afganistan ===
=== Afghan ===
Orang-orang [[Afganistan]] di Turki sebagian besar berasal dari latar belakang pengungsi. Gelombang migrasi orang-orang Afganistan di Turki pertama kali terjadi pada zaman [[Perang Soviet–Afganistan]]. Jumlah orang keturunan Afganistan di Turki tidak diketahui secara pasti, namun sebuah artikel pada koran nasional Turki ''Hurriyet'' terbitan tahun 2002 menyatakan terdapat "ribuan" orang-orang keturunan Afganistan tinggal di Turki. Mayoritas orang Afganistan di Turki terdiri dari etnis [[Orang Persia|Persia]] dan etnis [[Uzbek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/images/b/bb/TurkeyMap.jpg|title=Archived copy|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601183426/http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/images/b/bb/TurkeyMap.jpg|archivedate=2010-06-01|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2017-12-10|df=}}</ref>
Afghans are one of the largest irregular migrant groups in Turkey. From the period 2003-2007, the number of Afghans apprehended were significant, with statistics almost doubling during the last year. Most had fled the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]. In 2005, refugees from Afghanistan numbered 300 and made a sizeable proportion of Turkey's registered migrants.<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/home/PUBL/4492678ae.pdf UNHCR Ankara Office]</ref> Most of them were spread out over satellite cities with [[Van, Turkey|Van]] and [[Ağrı]] being the most specific locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/images/b/bb/TurkeyMap.jpg |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-02-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601183426/http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/images/b/bb/TurkeyMap.jpg |archivedate=2010-06-01 |df= }}</ref> In the following years, the number of Afghans entering Turkey greatly increased, second only to migrants from Iraq; in 2009, there were 16,000 people designated under the Iraq-Afghanistan category. Despite a dramatic 50 percent reduction by 2010, reports confirmed hundreds living and working in Turkey.<ref>http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=205790{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> As of January 2010, Afghans consisted one-sixth of the 26,000 remaining refugees and asylum seekers.<ref>http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e48e0fa7f.html</ref> By the end 2011, their numbers are expected to surge up to 10,000, making them the largest population and surpass other groups.
 
=== Orang-orang keturunan Afrika ===
[[Berkas:Ottoman_eunuch,_1912.jpg|ka|jmpl|Seorang kepala kasim Kesultanan utsmaniyah yang berasal dari keturunan Afrika di tahun 1912.]]
Kehadiran orang-orang keturunan Afrika di Turki berawal dari sejarah perdanganan budak di [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Budak-budak Afrika yang dibawa ke [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] berasal dari [[Niger]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Libya]], [[Kenya]], dan [[Sudan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|title=Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt|date=2008-08-27|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref> Wilayah dengan populasi orang keturunan Afrika di Turki adalah [[Kawasan Aegea]], terutama [[İzmir]], Aydın, dan Muğla. Terdapat pula komunitas orang-orang keturunan Afrika di pedesaan dan kota-kota besar di Provinsi [[Antalya]] dan Provinsi [[Adana]].<ref name=":1" />
 
Areas with significant populations are in the [[Aegean Region]], especially [[İzmir Province|İzmir]], [[Aydın Province|Aydın]], and [[Muğla Province|Muğla]]. There are also people of African ancestry living in some villages and municipalities of [[Antalya Province|Antalya]] and [[Adana Province|Adana]] provinces.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|title=Yerleşim Yerleri ve Göç|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Afroturk.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218151253/http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|archivedate=18 February 2009|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref> Some of the descendants of the African settlers remain, mixed with the rest of the population in these areas, and many migrated to larger cities.<ref name="todayszaman.com3">{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|title=Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt|date=11 May 2008|work=Today's Zaman|publisher=Todayszaman.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|archivedate=27 August 2008|accessdate=28 August 2008|}}</ref> These factors make it difficult to guess the number of Afro-Turks.<ref>[http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561 Afrika'nın kapıları İzmir'e açılıyor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217223142/http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561|date=17 February 2009}}, ''Yeni Asır'', 21 November 2008, retrieved 25 January 2009.</ref>
 
Beginning several centuries ago, a number of Africans, usually via [[Zanzibar]] as [[Zanj]] and from places such as [[Niger]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Libya]], [[Kenya]] and [[Sudan]],<ref name="todayszaman.com2" /> came to the [[Ottoman Empire]] settled by the [[Dalaman]], [[Menderes, İzmir|Menderes]] and [[Gediz, Kütahya|Gediz]] valleys, [[Manavgat]], and [[Çukurova]]. African quarters of 19th-century [[İzmir]], including Sabırtaşı, Dolapkuyu, Tamaşalık, İkiçeşmelik, and Ballıkuyu, are mentioned in contemporary records.<ref name="radikal.com.tr2">{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Default.aspx?aType=Detay&ArticleID=896230&Date=30.08.2008&CategoryID=79|title=Afro-Türklerin tarihi, '&#39;Radikal'&#39;, 30 August 2008, retrieved 22 January 2009|date=2008-08-30|publisher=Radikal.com.tr|accessdate=2012-05-03}}</ref>
 
=== Africans ===
{{Main article|Afro Turks}}
Beginning several centuries ago, a number of Africans, usually via [[Zanzibar]] as [[Zanj]] and from places such as [[Niger]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Libya]], [[Kenya]] and [[Sudan]],<ref name="todayszaman.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|archivedate=27 August 2008 |title=Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt|work=Today's Zaman |date= 11 May 2008 |accessdate= 28 August 2008 |publisher=Todayszaman.com }}</ref> came to the [[Ottoman Empire]] settled by the [[Dalaman]], [[Menderes, İzmir|Menderes]] and [[Gediz, Kütahya|Gediz]] valleys, [[Manavgat]], and [[Çukurova]]. African quarters of 19th-century [[İzmir]], including Sabırtaşı, Dolapkuyu, Tamaşalık, İkiçeşmelik, and Ballıkuyu, are mentioned in contemporary records.<ref name="radikal.com.tr">{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Default.aspx?aType=Detay&ArticleID=896230&Date=30.08.2008&CategoryID=79 |title=Afro-Türklerin tarihi, '&#39;Radikal'&#39;, 30 August 2008, retrieved 22 January 2009 |publisher=Radikal.com.tr |date=2008-08-30 |accessdate=2012-05-03}}</ref>
 
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Kelompok_minoritas_di_Turki"