Kelompok minoritas di Turki: Perbedaan antara revisi

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=== Orang-orang keturunan Afrika ===
[[Berkas:Ottoman_eunuch,_1912.jpg|ka|jmpl|Seorang kepala kasim Kesultanan utsmaniyah yang berasal dari keturunan Afrika di tahun 1912.]]
Kehadiran orang-orang keturunan Afrika di Turki berawal dari sejarah perdanganan budak di [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]]. Budak-budak Afrika yang dibawa ke [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] berasal dari [[Niger]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Libya]], [[Kenya]], dan [[Sudan]] yang umumnya didatangkan melalui [[Zanzibar|Pulau Zanzibar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|title=Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt|date=2008-08-27|access-date=2017-12-11}}</ref> Wilayah dengan populasi orang keturunan Afrika di Turki adalah [[Kawasan Aegea]], terutama [[İzmir]], Aydın, dan Muğla. Terdapat pula komunitas orang-orang keturunan Afrika di pedesaan dan kota-kota besar di Provinsi [[Antalya]] dan Provinsi [[Adana]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|title=Yerleşim Yerleri ve Göç|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Afroturk.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218151253/http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|archivedate=18 February 2009|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref> Jumlah orang-orang keturunan Afrika di Turki tidak diketahui secara pasti.<ref>[http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561 Afrika'nın kapıları İzmir'e açılıyor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217223142/http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561|date=17 February 2009}}, ''Yeni Asır'', 21 November 2008. Diakses tanggal 2017-12-10.</ref>
 
===Etnis Albania===
Areas with significant populations are in the [[Aegean Region]], especially [[İzmir Province|İzmir]], [[Aydın Province|Aydın]], and [[Muğla Province|Muğla]]. There are also people of African ancestry living in some villages and municipalities of [[Antalya Province|Antalya]] and [[Adana Province|Adana]] provinces.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|title=Yerleşim Yerleri ve Göç|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Afroturk.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218151253/http://www.afroturk.org/yasam_alanlari.aspx|archivedate=18 February 2009|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2017-12-10}}</ref> Some of the descendants of the African settlers remain, mixed with the rest of the population in these areas, and many migrated to larger cities.<ref name="todayszaman.com3">{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|title=Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt|date=11 May 2008|work=Today's Zaman|publisher=Todayszaman.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|archivedate=27 August 2008|accessdate=28 August 2008|}}</ref> These factors make it difficult to guess the number of Afro-Turks.<ref>[http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561 Afrika'nın kapıları İzmir'e açılıyor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217223142/http://www.yeniasir.com.tr/haber_detay.php?hid=13561|date=17 February 2009}}, ''Yeni Asır'', 21 November 2008, retrieved 25 January 2009.</ref>
Laporan Dewan Keamanan Nasional Turki (bahasa Turki: ''Milli Güvenlik Kurulu'', MGK) tahun 2008 menyatakan sekitar 1,3 juta orang yang memiliki darah keturunan [[Orang Albania di Turki|Albania]] menetap di Turki. Lebih dari 500.000 orang keturunan Albania di Turki masih mempertahankan budaya dan bahasa Albania di kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Menurut sumber-sumber lain orang-orang keturunan [[Albania]] di Turki mencapai 5 juta orang.<ref name="sablon.sdu.edu.tr">http://sablon.sdu.edu.tr/dergi/sosbilder/dosyalar/27/OS_16.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.al/books?id=vM5hZEsdz94C&pg=PA98&dq=5+million+albanians+in+turkey&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAWoVChMI3M_xuaXfxgIVgVkUCh1fTQRg#v=onepage&q=5%20million%20albanians%20in%20turkey&f=false|title=Ethnopolitics in Cyberspace: The Internet, Minority Nationalism, and the Web of Identity|author=Robert A. Saunders|publisher=Lexington Books|page=98}}</ref> Sebagian besar dari mereka berasal dari etnis Albania Kosovo/Makedonia dan Cameria Tosk yang melarikan diri dari penganiayaan orang [[Yunani]] dan [[Serbia]] pasca [[Perang Balkan]]. Terdapat juga beberapa orang Albania dari [[Orang Albania di Montenegro|Montenegro]] dan [[Albania]] di Turki.
 
Sebuah lembaga ''Turkish-Albanian Brotherhood Culture and Solidarity Association'' dibentuk untuk melestarikan tradisi dan budaya Albania. Lembaga ini sering mengadakan festival-festival [[folklor]] dan malam budaya Albania di Turki. Organisasi ini berpusat di [[Bayrampaşa]] di kota [[Istanbul]] dan memiliki tiga cabang yang terletak di [[Küçükçekmece]] dan terdapat di [[Provinsi Ankara]] dan Provinsi [[Provinsi Bursa|Bursa]]. Setiap tahun lembaga ini menyediakan kelas-kelas bahasa Albania dan menyelenggarakan perayaan-perayaan untuk memperingati kemerdekaan Albania.
Beginning several centuries ago, a number of Africans, usually via [[Zanzibar]] as [[Zanj]] and from places such as [[Niger]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Libya]], [[Kenya]] and [[Sudan]],<ref name="todayszaman.com2" /> came to the [[Ottoman Empire]] settled by the [[Dalaman]], [[Menderes, İzmir|Menderes]] and [[Gediz, Kütahya|Gediz]] valleys, [[Manavgat]], and [[Çukurova]]. African quarters of 19th-century [[İzmir]], including Sabırtaşı, Dolapkuyu, Tamaşalık, İkiçeşmelik, and Ballıkuyu, are mentioned in contemporary records.<ref name="radikal.com.tr2">{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Default.aspx?aType=Detay&ArticleID=896230&Date=30.08.2008&CategoryID=79|title=Afro-Türklerin tarihi, '&#39;Radikal'&#39;, 30 August 2008, retrieved 22 January 2009|date=2008-08-30|publisher=Radikal.com.tr|accessdate=2012-05-03}}</ref>
 
Beginning several centuries ago, a number of Africans, usually via [[Zanzibar]] as [[Zanj]] and from places such as [[Niger]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Libya]], [[Kenya]] and [[Sudan]],<ref name="todayszaman.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827055914/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=141522|archivedate=27 August 2008 |title=Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt|work=Today's Zaman |date= 11 May 2008 |accessdate= 28 August 2008 |publisher=Todayszaman.com }}</ref> came to the [[Ottoman Empire]] settled by the [[Dalaman]], [[Menderes, İzmir|Menderes]] and [[Gediz, Kütahya|Gediz]] valleys, [[Manavgat]], and [[Çukurova]]. African quarters of 19th-century [[İzmir]], including Sabırtaşı, Dolapkuyu, Tamaşalık, İkiçeşmelik, and Ballıkuyu, are mentioned in contemporary records.<ref name="radikal.com.tr">{{cite web|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/Default.aspx?aType=Detay&ArticleID=896230&Date=30.08.2008&CategoryID=79 |title=Afro-Türklerin tarihi, '&#39;Radikal'&#39;, 30 August 2008, retrieved 22 January 2009 |publisher=Radikal.com.tr |date=2008-08-30 |accessdate=2012-05-03}}</ref>
 
===Albanians===
{{main article|Albanians in Turkey}}
A 2008 report from the [[Turkish National Security Council]] (MGK) estimated that approximately 1.3 million people of Albanian ancestry live in Turkey, and more than 500,000 recognizing their ancestry, language and culture. There are other estimates however that place the number of people in Turkey with Albanian ancestry and or background upward to 5 million.<ref name="Saunders98">{{cite book|last=Saunders|first=Robert A.|title=Ethnopolitics in Cyberspace: The Internet, Minority Nationalism, and the Web of Identity|year=2011|location=Lanham|publisher=Lexington Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vM5hZEsdz94C&pg=PA98&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=9780739141946|ref=harv|page=98}}</ref>
 
However, these assumptions of the Turkish government are rejected by scholars who explain they are without any basis.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bernard Lewis|title=The Emergence of Modern Turkey|page=82}}</ref>{{qn|date=September 2017}}
 
=== Arabs ===