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=== Assyrians ===
[[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] were once a large ethnic minority in the [[Ottoman Empire]], but following the early 20th century [[Assyrian Genocide]], many were murdered, deported, or ended up emigrating. Those that remain live in small numbers in their [[Tur Abdin|indigenous South Eastern Turkey]] (although in larger numbers than other groups murdered in [[Armenian Genocide|Armenian]] or [[Greek genocide]]s) and Istanbul. They number around 30,000.
=== Azerbaijanis ===
It is hard to determine how many ethnic [[Azeris]] currently reside in Turkey because ethnicity is a rather fluid concept in this country.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/turkey/turkey993-08.htm Human Rights Watch] 1999 Report on Turkey</ref> and According to the [[Looklex Encyclopaedia]], [[Azerbaijani people]] make up 800,000 of [[Turkey]]'s population.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://looklex.com/e.o/turkey.peoples.htm |title=Turkey-Peoples |publisher=[[Looklex Encyclopaedia]] |date= |accessdate=13 August 2013}}</ref> Up to 300,000 of Azeris who reside in Turkey are citizens of [[Azerbaijan]].<ref>[http://www.azerbaijantoday.az:8101/life.html Life of Azerbaijanis in Turkey] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031229094340/http://www.azerbaijantoday.az:8101/Life.html |date=2003-12-29 }}. An interview with Sayyad Aran, Consul General of the Azerbaijan Republic to Istanbul. ''Azerbaijan Today''</ref> In the [[Eastern Anatolia Region]], Azeris are sometimes referred to as ''acem'' (see [[Ajam]]) or ''tat''.<ref>{{tr icon}} [http://www.durna.eu/Arshiv/qarsli.htm Qarslı bir azərbaycanlının ürək sözləri]. Erol Özaydın</ref> They currently are the largest ethnic group in the city of [[Iğdır]]<ref>{{tr icon}} Iğdır Sevdası, Mücahit Özden Hun</ref> and second largest ethnic group in [[Kars Province|Kars]].<ref>{{tr icon}} [http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/06/23/guncel/gun01.html KARS: AKP'nin kozu tarım desteği]. ''[[Milliyet]]''. 23 June 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2008</ref>
=== Bosniaks ===
===Central Asian Turkic peoples===
Turkey received refugees from among the Pakistan-based Kazakhs, Turkmen, Kirghiz, and Uzbeks numbering 3,800 originally from Afghanistan during the [[Soviet war in Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite book|title=News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5AgAQAAMAAJ&q=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&dq=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjavKHrhevOAhXFGR4KHT-NBCQQ6AEIPjAE|date=July 1982|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses.|page=861}}</ref> Kayseri, Van, Amasva, Cicekdag, Gaziantep, Tokat, Urfa, and Serinvol received via Adana the Pakistan-based Kazakh, Turkmen, Kirghiz, and Uzbek refugees numbering 3,800 with UNHCR assistance.<ref>{{cite book|title=Problèmes politiques et sociaux|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWWzAAAAIAAJ&q=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&dq=kayseri+unhcr+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjavKHrhevOAhXFGR4KHT-NBCQQ6AEIWzAJ|year=1982|publisher=Documentation française.|page=15}}</ref>
==== Kazakhs ====
They are about 30,000 [[Kazakh people]] living in [[Zeytinburnu]]-Istanbul. It is known that there are Kazakh people in other parts of Turkey, for instance Manisa, Konya. In 1969 and 1954 Kazakhs migrated into Anatolia's Salihli, Develi and Altay regions.<ref name="Espace">{{cite book|title=Espace populations sociétés|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RCkkAQAAIAAJ&q=kayseri+diaspora+pakistan&dq=kayseri+diaspora+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiby-XQ5urOAhVEpx4KHR4dCd04ChDoAQhAMAY|year=2006|publisher=Université des sciences et techniques de Lille, U.E.R. de géographie|page=174}}</ref> Turkey became home to refugee Kazakhs.<ref name="Forbes1986">{{cite book|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=9 October 1986|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25514-1|pages=156–}}{{cite book|author=Andrew D. W. Forbes|title=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA236#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=9 October 1986|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-25514-1|pages=236–}}</ref> The Kazakh Turks Foundation (Kazak Türkleri Vakfı) is an organization of Kazakhs in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kazakturklerivakfi.org/index.php?limitstart=118 |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=Kazak Türkleri Vakfı Resmi Web Sayfası |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> Kazakhs in Turkey came via Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref name="Gladney2004">{{cite book|author=Dru C. Gladney|title=Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzxSNM3_vCEC&pg=PA184#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=1 April 2004|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-29776-7|pages=184–}}</ref> ''Kazak Kültür Derneği'' (Kazakh Culture Associration) is a Kazakh diaspora organization in Turkey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kazakkultur.org/ |title= |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= Kazak Kültür Derneği |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>
=== Circassians ===
According to Milliyet, there are approximately 2.5 million [[Circassians]] in Turkey.<ref name= "Milliyet-Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı"/> However such assumptions have no basis. According to scholars and [[European Union|EU]] there are three to five million Circassians in Turkey.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bernard Lewis|title=The Emergence of Modern Turkey|page=94}}</ref>{{verification needed|date=May 2016}} The closely related ethnic groups [[Abazins]] (10,000<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=abq Ethnologue: Abasinen]</ref>) and [[Abkhaz people in Turkey|Abkhazians]] (39,000<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=abk Ethnologue: Abchasen]</ref>) are also counted as Circassians. The Circassians are a Caucasian immigrant people; the vast majority of them have been assimilated and only 20% still speak [[Circassian language|Circassian]]. In Turkey, they are usually [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] ([[Hanafi]]) [[Muslim]].
=== Crimean Tatars ===
Before the 20th century, Crimean Tatars had immigrated from Crimea to Turkey in three waves: First, after the Russian annexation of Crimea in 1783; second, after the [[Crimean War]] of 1853-56; third, after the [[Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78]].<ref name="EGRT">[https://books.google.com/books?id=xyxpAAAAMAAJ&q=EJ+Klay+Crimean&dq=EJ+Klay+Crimean&cd=4 Peter Alford Andrews, Rüdiger Benninghaus,''Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey''], Vol. 2, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 1989, Wiesbaden, {{ISBN|3-88226-418-7}}, p. 87., Peter Alford Andrews, Türkiye'de Etnik Gruplar, ANT Yayınları, Aralık 1992, {{ISBN|975-7350-03-6}}, s.116-118.</ref> The official number{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} of [[Crimean Tatars]] is 150,000 (in the center of Eskişehir) but the real population (in the whole of Turkey) may be a few million. They mostly live in [[Eskişehir Province]] <ref>[http://www.iccrimea.org/scholarly/jankowski.html Crimean Tatars and Noghais in Turkey]</ref> and Kazan-[[Ankara]].
=== Greeks ===
=== Christians ===
[[File:Istanbul - Sant Antoni de Pàdua.JPG|thumb|[[Church of St. Anthony of Padua, Istanbul|Church of St. Anthony of Padua]] in [[Istanbul]].]]
[[Christianity]] has a long history in Anatolia which, nowadays part of the [[Republic of Turkey]]'s territory, was the birthplace of numerous Christian [[Twelve apostles|Apostles]] and [[Saint]]s, such as [[Apostle Paul]] of [[Tarsus (city)|Tarsus]], [[Saint Timothy|Timothy]], [[St. Nicholas]] of [[Myra]], [[St. Polycarp]] of [[Smyrna]] and many others. Two out of the five centers ([[Patriarchate]]s) of the ancient [[Pentarchy]] were located in present-day Turkey: [[Constantinople]] (Istanbul) and [[Antioch]] ([[Antakya]]). All of the [[first seven Ecumenical Councils]] which are recognized by both the Western and Eastern churches were held in present-day Turkey. Of these, the [[Nicene Creed]], declared with the [[First Council of Nicaea]] ([[İznik]]) in 325, is of utmost importance and has provided the essential definitions of present-day Christianity.
Today the Christian population of Turkey estimated more than 150,000, includes an estimated 70,000 [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Orthodox]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian in Istanbul: Diaspora in Turkey welcomes the setting of relations and waits more steps from both countries|first=Sara|last=Khojoyan|url=http://armenianow.com/news/10672/armenian_in_istanbul_diaspora_in_t|agency=''ArmeniaNow.com''|date=16 October 2009|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref> 35,000 [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]], 17,000 [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]], 8,000 [[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholic]], 3,000-4,000 [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]][https://web.archive.org/web/20100501063653/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=161291], 10,000-18,000 [[Antiochian Greeks]]<ref name="hr-action.org">[http://www.hr-action.org/thr/GRTURK.html#OTHER The Greeks of Turkey, 1992-1995 Fact-sheet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830131029/http://www.hr-action.org/thr/GRTURK.html |date=2011-08-30 }} by Marios D. Dikaiakos</ref><ref name="hr-action.org"/><ref>[http://www.bpb.de/publikationen/R1HJSB,2,0,Christen_in_der_islamischen_Welt.html Christen in der islamischen Welt – Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte (APuZ 26/2008)]</ref> and smaller numbers of [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church|Bulgarians]], [[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgians]], and [[Turkish people|ethnic Turkish]] [[Protestantism|Protestants]].
==== Orthodox Christians ====
[[File:Agia Triada Greek Orthodox Church, İstanbul.jpg|thumb|[[Hagia Triada Greek Orthodox Church, Istanbul|Aya Triada Greek Orthodox church]] in [[Beyoğlu]], Istanbul]][[Orthodox Christianity]] forms a tiny minority in Turkey, comprising far less than one tenth of one percent of the entire population. The provinces of [[Istanbul Province|Istanbul]] and [[Hatay Province|Hatay]], which includes Antakya, are the main centres of Turkish Christianity, with comparatively dense Christian populations, though they are very small minorities. The main variant of Christianity present in Turkey is the [[Eastern Orthodox]] branch, focused mainly in the [[Greek Orthodox|Greek Orthodox Church]].
[[File:Alevis.png|thumb|Proportion of Alevis in Turkey]]
Alevis are the biggest religious minority in Turkey. Nearly 15%<ref>''Structure and Function in Turkish Society.'' Isis Press, 2006, p. 81).</ref>-25% of all Turkish population is in this group. They are mainly Turk but there are significant Kurd and [[Zaza people|Zaza]] populations who are Alevi<ref>"The Alevi of Anatolia", 1995.</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Orang Kurdi di Turki]]
* [[Orang Albania di Turki]]
* [[Orang Yunani di Turki]]
* [[Orang Armenia di Turki]]
* [[Orang Bosnia di Turki]]
* [[Agama di Turki]]
* [[Islam di Turki]]
== Referensi ==
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