Simbol Kristen: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Kristen}}

'''Simbol Kristen''' adalah simbol atau lambang atau tanda yang digunakan dalam '''Simbolisme Kristen''' ({{lang-en|Christian symbolism}}). Simbol-simbol itu meliputi lambang-lambang kuno (''archetypes''), tindakan, karya seni atau peristiwa peringatan dalam tradisi [[Kristen]]. Objek-objek atau tindakan-tindakan tersebut diambil arti dalamnya untuk melambangkan ide-ide [[Kristiani]].

=== Salib dan krusifiks ===

{{main|Salib Kristen|Crucifix}}

 

Bentuk salib, yang direpresentasikan dengan huruf "[[Tau|T]]", mulai digunakan sebagai "meterai" atau simbol [[Gereja perdana|Kekristenan Awal]] sejak abad ke-2.<ref>"The cross as a Christian symbol or 'seal' came into use at least as early as the second century (see "Apost. Const." iii. 17; Epistle of Barnabas, xi.-xii.; Justin, "Apologia," i. 55-60; "Dial. cum Tryph." 85-97); and the marking of a cross upon the forehead and the chest was regarded as a talisman against the powers of demons (Tertullian, "De Corona," iii.; Cyprian, "Testimonies," xi. 21-22; Lactantius, "Divinæ Institutiones," iv. 27, and elsewhere). Accordingly the Christian Fathers had to defend themselves, as early as the second century, against the charge of being worshipers of the cross, as may be learned from Tertullian, "Apologia," xii., xvii., and Minucius Felix, "Octavius," xxix. Christians used to swear by the power of the cross. [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=899&letter=C CROSS:<!-- Bot generated title -->], [[Jewish Encyclopaedia]].</ref> Pada akhir abad ke-2, sebagaimana tertulis dalam ''[[Octavius (dialog)|Octavius]]'' karyanya, [[Marcus Minucius Felix]] menolak klaim yang diajukan para pencelanya kalau orang Kristen menyembah atau memuja salib.<ref>"Crosses, moreover, we neither worship nor wish for.1815 You, indeed, who consecrate gods of wood, adore wooden crosses perhaps as parts of your gods. For your very standards, as well as your banners; and flags of your camp, what else are they but crosses glided and adorned? Your victorious trophies not only imitate the appearance of a simple cross, but also that of a man affixed to it. We assuredly see the sign of a cross,1816 naturally, in the ship when it is carried along with swelling sails, when it glides forward with expanded oars; and when the military yoke is lifted up, it is the sign of a cross; and when a man adores God with a pure mind, with hands outstretched. Thus the sign of the cross either is sustained by a natural reason, or your own religion is formed with respect to it."

 

=== Gembala Yang Baik ===

{{main|The Good Shepherd (Christianity)|l1=Good Shepherd}}

Gambar "Gembala Yang Baik", seringkali dengan seekor domba digendong di atas pundaknya, merupakan simbol yang paling umum untuk melambangkan pelayanan [[Kristus]]. <!--the Good Shepherd, often with a sheep on his shoulders, is the most common of the symbolic [[Depiction of Jesus|representations of Christ]] found the [[Catacombs of Rome]], and it is related to the [[Parable of the Lost Sheep]]. Initially it was also understood as a symbol like others used in [[Early Christian art]]. By about the 5th century the figure more often took on the appearance of the conventional depiction of Christ, as it had developed by this time, and was given a [[halo (religious iconography)|halo]] and rich robes.

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=== Lain-lain ===

* [[Bendera Kristen]] (''Christian flag'')

* [[Salib dan Mahkota]] (''Cross and Crown'')

==Symbols of Christian Churches==

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===Sacraments===

The tomb paintings of the early Christians led to the development of [[icon]]s. An icon is an image, picture, or representation; it is likeness that has symbolic meaning for an object by signifying or representing it, or by analogy, as in [[semiotics]]. The use of icons, however, was never without opposition. It was recorded that, "there is no century between the fourth and the eighth in which there is not some evidence of opposition to images even within the Church.<ref>Ernst Kitzinger, ''The Cult of Images in the Age before Iconoclasm'', Dumbarton Oaks, 1954, quoted by Pelikan, Jaroslav; ''The Spirit of Eastern Christendom'' 600-1700, University of Chicago Press, 1974.</ref> Nonetheless, popular favor for icons guaranteed their continued existence, while no systematic apologia for or against icons, or doctrinal authorization or condemnation of icons yet existed.

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Though significant in the history of religious doctrine, the Byzantine controversy over images is not seen as of primary importance in Byzantine history. "Few historians still hold it to have been the greatest issue of the period..."<ref>Patricia Karlin-Hayter, ''Oxford History of Byzantium'', Oxford University Press, 2002.</ref>