Orang Vietnam Amerika: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
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In 2015, 30% of Vietnamese Americans had attained a Bachelor's degree or higher. Specifically, 21% of Vietnamese Americans had attained a Bachelor's degree (37% for U.S. born Vietnamese and 18% for Foreign born Vietnamese) and 8.9% had attained a Postgraduate degree (14% for U.S. born Vietnamese and 7% for Foreign born Vietnamese) compared to 19% Bachelor's degree attainment and 11% Postgraduate degree attainment among the American population in general.<ref>http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/fact-sheet/asian-americans-vietnamese-in-the-u-s-fact-sheet/</ref>
 
=== Agama ===
Forty-three percent of Vietnamese Americans are Buddhist.<ref name=mosaic /> Many practice [[Mahayana|Mahayana Buddhism]],<ref name=AsianAmerica /><ref name=Gale /> [[Taoism]], [[Confucianism]] and [[animism|animist practices]] (including [[ancestor worship|ancestor veneration]]) influenced by [[Chinese folk religion]].<ref name="lee">{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Jonathan H. X.|author2=Kathleen M. Nadeau |title=Encyclopedia of Asian American folklore and folklife|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|pages=1204–1206|isbn=978-0-313-35066-5}}</ref> Twenty-nine to forty percent of Vietnamese Americans are [[Roman Catholic]], a legacy of [[Operation Passage to Freedom]]. A smaller, but increasing, number are Protestants.<ref name="lee"/>
 
There are 150 to 165 Vietnamese Buddhist temples in the United States, with most observing a mixture of [[Pure Land Buddhism|Pure Land]] (Tịnh Độ Tông) and [[Zen]] (Thiền) doctrines and practices.<ref name="laderman">{{cite book|last=Laderman|first=Gary|author2=Luis D. León |title=Religion and American cultures|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2003|page=60|isbn=978-1-57607-238-7}}</ref><ref name="preb">{{cite book|last=Prebish|first=Charles S.|title=Buddhism—the American Experience|publisher=JBE Online Books|date=1 December 2003|pages=68–69|isbn=978-0-9747055-0-7}}</ref> Most temples are small, consisting of a converted house with one or two resident monks or nuns.<ref name="laderman"/> Two of the most prominent figures in Vietnamese-American Buddhism are [[Thich Thien-An]] and [[Thich Nhat Hanh]].<ref name="preb"/>
== Budaya ==
[[File:Tet Festival Little Saigon.jpg|thumb|alt=Red-and-white arch, with greeting in Vietnamese|{{lang|vi|Tết}} Festival in Little Saigon, Orange County, California]]
Baris 73 ⟶ 77:
{{lang|vi|[[Ghost Festival|Tết Trung Nguyên]]}} (Wandering Souls' Day, on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month) and {{lang|vi|[[Mid-Autumn Festival|Tết Trung Thu]]}} (Children's Day or the Mid-Autumn Festival, on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month) are also celebrated by many Vietnamese Americans. For {{lang|vi|Tết Trung Nguyên}}, food, money and clothes made of special paper are prepared to worship the wandering souls of ancestors. Along with {{lang|vi|Tết Nguyên Đán}}, {{lang|vi|Tết Trung Thu}} is a favorite children's holiday; children holding colorful lanterns form a procession and follow a parade of lion dances and drums.<ref name=AsianAmerica /><ref name=Gale /><ref name=AmeCulture />
 
== Agama ==
Forty-three percent of Vietnamese Americans are Buddhist.<ref name=mosaic /> Many practice [[Mahayana|Mahayana Buddhism]],<ref name=AsianAmerica /><ref name=Gale /> [[Taoism]], [[Confucianism]] and [[animism|animist practices]] (including [[ancestor worship|ancestor veneration]]) influenced by [[Chinese folk religion]].<ref name="lee">{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Jonathan H. X.|author2=Kathleen M. Nadeau |title=Encyclopedia of Asian American folklore and folklife|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|pages=1204–1206|isbn=978-0-313-35066-5}}</ref> Twenty-nine to forty percent of Vietnamese Americans are [[Roman Catholic]], a legacy of [[Operation Passage to Freedom]]. A smaller, but increasing, number are Protestants.<ref name="lee"/>
 
There are 150 to 165 Vietnamese Buddhist temples in the United States, with most observing a mixture of [[Pure Land Buddhism|Pure Land]] (Tịnh Độ Tông) and [[Zen]] (Thiền) doctrines and practices.<ref name="laderman">{{cite book|last=Laderman|first=Gary|author2=Luis D. León |title=Religion and American cultures|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2003|page=60|isbn=978-1-57607-238-7}}</ref><ref name="preb">{{cite book|last=Prebish|first=Charles S.|title=Buddhism—the American Experience|publisher=JBE Online Books|date=1 December 2003|pages=68–69|isbn=978-0-9747055-0-7}}</ref> Most temples are small, consisting of a converted house with one or two resident monks or nuns.<ref name="laderman"/> Two of the most prominent figures in Vietnamese-American Buddhism are [[Thich Thien-An]] and [[Thich Nhat Hanh]].<ref name="preb"/>
 
== Tokoh Vietnam-Amerika ==