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FROM LOS ANGELES
== Ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan pendidikan ==
[[Berkas:Weizmann accelerator.jpg|jmpl|lurus|[[Pemercepat partikel]] di [[Weizmann Institute of Science]], [[Rehovot]]]]
Israel memiliki angka harapan sekolah (didefinisikan sebagai tahun lamanya seorang anak berumur 4 tahun diharapkan dapat mengenyam pendidikan pada masa depan) tertinggi di [[Asia Barat Daya]] dan menduduki peringkat kedua setara dengan [[Jepang]] di [[Asia]] (setelah [[Korea Selatan]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/education/docs/EN_GD2004_v2.pdf |publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics |year=2004 |work=Global Education Digest 2004 |title=Comparing Education Statistics Across the World |pages=75, 77 |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-08-04}}</ref> Israel juga memiliki angka melek huruf tertinggi di seluruh Asia Barat daya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_HDI.pdf |format=PDF|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070702184520/http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_HDI.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-02 |publisher=United Nations |work=Human Development Report 2005 |title=Human Development Indicators |accessdate=2007-08-04 |year=2005}}</ref> Hukum Pendidikan Negara Israel yang diundang-undangkan pada tahun 1953 membagi sekolah menjadi lima macam: sekolah negeri sekuler, sekolah negeri agama, sekolah ultra ortodoks, sekolah permukiman komunal, dan sekolah Arab. Sekolah negeri sekuler merupakan sekolah yang terbesar dan dihadiri oleh mayoritas murid-murid Yahudi dan non-Arab di Israel. Kebanyakan warga negara Israel beretnis Arab mengirimkan anaknya ke sekolah-sekolah yang berbahasa Arab.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED250227&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accno&accno=ED250227 |title=ED250227 - Israeli Schools: Religious and Secular Problems |publisher=Eric.ed.gov |date=1984-10-10 |accessdate=2009-03-13}}</ref>
Israel memiliki program [[wajib belajar]] bagi anak-anak berumur antara tiga sampai dengan delapan belas tahun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/883341.html|work=Haaretz|accessdate=2007-08-05|date=2007-07-19|title=Knesset raises school dropout age to 18|last=Kashti|first=Or|coauthors=Shahar Ilan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/1/Summary+of+the+principal+laws+relating+to+educatio.htm |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Summary of the Principal Laws Related to Education |date=2003-01-26 |accessdate=2007-08-04|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050327232901/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/1/Summary+of+the+principal+laws+relating+to+educatio.htm|archivedate=2005-03-27}}</ref> Tahapan-tahapan sekolah dibagi menjadi tiga tahap: [[sekolah dasar]] (tingkat 1-6), [[sekolah menengah pertama]] (tingkat 7-9), dan [[sekolah menengah atas]] (tingkat 10-12). Tahapan sekolah berakhir dengan ujian akhir yang disebut ''[[Bagrut]]''. Kemahiran di mata-mata pelajaran utama seperti [[matematika]], [[Alkitab Ibrani]], [[Bahasa Ibrani]], literatur Ibrani dan umum, [[Bahasa Inggris]], sejarah, dan pendidikan kewarganegaraan diperlukan untuk mendapatkan sertifikat Bagrut.<ref name="moia">{{cite web |url=http://www.moia.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/9FBC4448-CB15-4309-BA82-96DC681E7A11/0/education_en.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Immigrant Absorption |format=PDF |title=Education |accessdate=2007-08-05|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070807233554/http://www.moia.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/9FBC4448-CB15-4309-BA82-96DC681E7A11/0/education_en.pdf|archivedate=2007-08-07}}</ref> Dalam sekolah-sekolah Arab, Kristen, dan [[Druze]], ujian kajian Alkitab Ibrani digantikan dengan ujian dalam mata pelajaran [[Islam]], [[Kristen]], ataupun [[Druze]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/oseas/bagrut.html |publisher=United States-Israel Educational Foundation via the University of Szeged University Library |title=The Israeli Matriculation Certificate |accessdate=2007-08-05 |month=January |year=1996}}</ref> Pada tahun 2003, lebih dari separuh murid tingkat 12 Israel mendapatkan sertifikat ini.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton56/st08_21.pdf |format=PDF|title=Pupils in Grade XII, matriculation examinees and entitled to a certificate |accessdate=2007-07-02 |publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Solar dish at Ben-Gurion National Solar Energy Center in Israel.jpg|jmpl|kiri|Parabola surya terbesar di dunia di Pusat Energi Solar Nasional Ben-Gurion.<ref name=Register>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/01/25/faiman_negev_solar_plan/ Giant solar plants in Negev could power Israel's future], John Lettice, ''[[The Register]]'', 2008-01-25</ref>]]
Delapan universitas negeri Israel disubsidi oleh negara.<ref name="moia" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelemb.org/highered/highed.html |title=Higher Education in Israel |accessdate=2007-09-10 |publisher=Embassy of Israel in Washington, DC}}</ref> Perpustakaan Universitas dan Nasional Yahudi yang menyimpan buku-buku bertopik Yahudi terbesar di dunia berada di [[Universitas Ibrani Yerusalem]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/eng/history.html |publisher=Jewish National and University Library |title=About the Library |accessdate=2007-08-05}}</ref> Universitas Ibrani Yerusalem menduduki peringkat 100 besar universitas ternama di dunia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006_Top100.htm |title=Top 500 World Universities (1-100)|publisher=Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University |accessdate=2007-07-02 |year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arwu.org/ARWU2009.jsp |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2009 |publisher=Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University |accessdate=2009-11-14 |year=2009}}</ref> berdasarkan pemeringkatan Universitas Jiao Tong Shanghai. Universitas utama lainnya di Israel meliputi [[Technion]], [[Institut Sains Weizmann]], [[Universitas Tel Aviv]], [[Universitas Bar-Ilan]], [[Universitas Haifa]], dan [[Universitas Ben-Gurion Negev]]. Israel berada pada peringkat ketiga di dunia dalam hal jumlah sarjana akademik per kapita (20% populasi).<ref name="consulate">{{cite web |url=http://www.israelfm.org/economic/investing/top_ten.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070716015552/http://www.israelfm.org/economic/investing/top_ten.htm |archivedate=2007-07-16 |title=Top Ten Reasons to Invest in Israel |publisher=Israeli Consulate, New York City |accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.american.edu/initeb/as5415a/Israel_ICT/itWork.html |publisher=American University |title=Israel: IT Workforce |accessdate=2007-08-14 |work=Information Technology Landscape in Nations Around the World}}</ref> Israel merupakan negara yang terdepan dalam hal jumlah artikel ilmiah riset sel punca per kapita sejak tahun 2000<ref name="scell">{{cite web |http://www.the-scientist.com/news/print/23240/|work=The Scientist|date=2009-03-21 |accessdate=2009-11-14|title=Stem cell density highest in Israel}}</ref>
Israel juga mengedepankan penggunaan [[energi surya]] dan memiliki teknologi energi surya yang terdepan<ref name=NPR>[http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=15503716 Israel Pushes Solar Energy Technology], Linda Gradstein, ''[[National Public Radio]]'', 2007-10-22.</ref> dan perusahaan-perusahan tenaga surya Israel mengerjakan proyek-proyeknya di seluruh dunia.<ref name=BW>[http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/mar2008/gb20080326_485582.htm?chan=globalbiz_europe+index+page_companies At the Zenith of Solar Energy], Neal Sandler,''[[BusinessWeek]]'', 2008-03-26.</ref><ref name=CBC>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070819090824/http://www.cbc.ca/news/reportsfromabroad/parry/20070815.html Looking to the sun], Tom Parry, [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]], 2007-08-15.</ref> Lebih dari 90% rumah penduduk Israel menggunakan tenaga surya untuk pengadaan air panas dan merupakan penggunaan ''per kapita'' yang tertinggi di dunia.<ref name="Environment California SWH">{{cite web
| author=Del Chiaro, Bernadette
| coauthor= Telleen-Lawton, Timothy
| title=Solar Water Heating (How California Can Reduce Its Dependence on Natural Gas)
| publisher=Environment California Research and Policy Center
| url=http://www.environmentcalifornia.org/uploads/at/56/at563bKwmfrtJI6fKl9U_w/Solar-Water-Heating.pdf
| accessdate=2007-09-29|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| author=Gershon Grossman
| coauthor= Ofira Ayalon
| coauthor= Yifaat Baron
| coauthor= Debby Kaufman
| year = 2007
| title=Solar energy for the production of heat Summary and recommendations of the 4th assembly of the energy forum at SNI
| publisher=The Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Research in Science and Technology
| url=http://www.neaman.org.il/neaman/publications/publication_item.asp?fid=590&parent_fid=490&iid=3639
| accessdate=2010-02-12|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071106034326/http://www.neaman.org.il/neaman/publications/publication_item.asp?fid=590&parent_fid=490&iid=3639|archivedate=2007-11-06}}</ref> Menurut data pemerintah Israel, negara ini menghemat 8% konsumsi listrik per kapitanya oleh karena penggunaan [[energi surya]].<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20120219033553/http://roma.mfa.gov.il/mfm/Data/156237.pdf Solar, what else?!]</ref>
== Demografi ==
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