Bani Qainuqa merupaka suku Yahudi yang hidup sebelum Islam di Madinah. Mereka termasuk suku Yahudi pertama yang berdiam di sana, dan merupakan suku Yahudi yang terkuat di Jazirah Arab sebelum Islam.
The Banu Qaynuqa were a [[Jewish]] tribe of pre-[[Islamic]] [[Arabia]]. They were among the first Jews that settled at [[Medina]], and the most powerful of all the Jewish tribes of the peninsula before Islam. They formed a gild of [[goldsmiths]]. They had also a [[marketplace]], known under the name "Market of the Banu Qaynuqa," which was the general marketplace of the city before [[Muhammad]] laid out the great marketplace. Besides this they possessed two strong castles in the north of Medina. After Muhammad had come to Medina, he endeavored to win all the Jews over to Islam. Failing in his efforts, he assumed a more threatening attitude and first declared war on the Banu Qaynuqa. They retired to their fortresses, but after a siege which lasted fifteen days, they surrendered. Mohammed put them in chains, and wished to have all the men executed. He was, however, persuaded to spare them on condition that they quitted the town, leaving their goods and chattels in the hands of the conquerors. Subsequently they settled in [[Adra'at]] and [[Qadi al-Qura]] in the north.
