Kematian Yohanes Pembaptis: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[File:Jan Rombouts I - The Beheading of St John the Baptist.jpg|thumb|''The Beheading of St John the Baptist'' karya [[:en:Jan Rombouts I|Jan Rombouts]]]]
Ada dua peringatan terkait lainnya yang dilaksanakan oleh Gereja Ritus Timur:
*'''Penemuan Pertama dan Kedua Kepala St. Yohanes Pembaptis''' (24 Februari).
: ''Penemuan Pertama'' terjadi pada abad ke-4. Tanah di Bukit Zaitun di mana kepala itu dikuburkan kemudian menjadi milik seorang pegawai pemerintah yang kemudian menjadi seorang biarawan dengan nama "Innocent". Ia membangun sebuah gereja dan [[:en:Hermit|monastic cell]] di tempat itu. Ketika ia mulai menggali pondamen, ditemukanlah sebuah guci berisi kepala Yohanes Pembaptis, tetapi karena takut [[relikui]] itu akan dirusak oleh orang yang tidak percaya, ia menyembunyikannya lagi di tempat yang sama. Setelah kematiannya, gereja itu menjadi reruntuhan dan dihancurkan.
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[[File:20 grani, Order of Malta.JPG|thumb|250px|Suatu koin mata uang [[:en:Tarì|Tari]] dari [[Knights Hospitaller]], dengan lukisan kepala Santo Yohanes Pembaptis pada piring perak bulat.]]
Menurut tradisi kuno, tempat penguburan Yohanes Pembaptis terletak di Sebaste, sekarang dekat kota modern [[Nablus]] pada [[Tepi Barat]], dan ada catatan bahwa [[relikui]]nya dihormati di sana sekitar pertengahan abad ke-4. Para sejarawan [[:en:Tyrannius Rufinus|Rufinus]] dan [[:en:Theodoretus|Theodoretus]] mencatat bahwa [[:en:shrine|tempat peringatan]] itu mengalami [[:en:desecration|desekrasi]] di bawah [[:en:Julian the Apostate|Julian Apostat]] sekitar tahun 362, di mana tulang-tulangnya sebagian terbakar. Sebagian relikui yang terselamatkan dibawa [[Yerusalem]], kemudian ke [[Aleksandria]], di mana pada tanggal 27 Mei 395, ditempatkan dalam suatu basilika yang baru didedikasikan kepada Yohanes Pembaptis pada bekas situs kuil [[Serapis]]. Namun, makam di Sebaste tetap dikunjungi oleh para peziarah saleh, dan [[Hieronimus|St. Jerome]] memberikan kesaksian mukjizat-mukjizat yang terjadi di sana. Sekarang, kuburan itu ditempatkan dalam [[:en:Nabi Yahya Mosque|Masjid Nabi Yahya]] ("Masjid Yohanes Pembaptis").
Riwayat kepala Yohanes Pembaptis sulit ditentukan. [[:en:Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos|Nicephorus]]<ref>Nicephorus ''Ecclesiastical History'' I, ix. See [[Patrologia Graeca]], cxlv.-cxlvii.</ref> dan [[:en:Symeon Metaphrastes|Symeon Metaphrastes]] mengatakan bahwa Herodias menyuruh menguburkannya dalam benteng Machaerus (sesuai catatan Yosefus). Para penulis lain mengatakan dikuburkan dalam istana Herodes di Yerusalem; di mana, kepala itu diketemuan dalam pemerintahan Konstantinus dan dari sana secara diam-diam dibawa ke [[Emesa]], di [[Fenisia]], di mana disembunyikan tanpa diketahui selama bertahun-tahun, sampai dinyatakan dalam suatu wahyu pada tahun 453.
Over the centuries, there have been many discrepancies in the various legends and claimed relics throughout the Christian world. Several different locations claim to possess the severed head of John the Baptist. Among the various claimants are:<ref name=Worlds>''Lost Worlds: Knights Templar'', July 10, 2006 video documentary on [[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]], directed and written by Stuart Elliott</ref>▼
▲<!--Over the centuries, there have been many discrepancies in the various legends and claimed relics throughout the Christian world. Several different locations claim to possess the severed head of John the Baptist. Among the various claimants are:<ref name=Worlds>''Lost Worlds: Knights Templar'', July 10, 2006 video documentary on [[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]], directed and written by Stuart Elliott</ref>
*[[Roman Catholic]] tradition holds that the head on display in [[San Silvestro in Capite]] in Rome is that of John the Baptist, discovered for the second time,{{not in citation|date=June 2017}} as also maintained by [[Pope Benedict XVI]] in August 2012.<ref name="auto"/> On August 29, 2012, during a televised public audience at the summer palace of [[Castel Gandolfo]], [[Pope Benedict XVI]] mentioned the dedication of a crypt in Sebaste, Samaria, where the head of the Baptist had been venerated since the middle of the fourth century.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2012/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20120829_en.html |title=Benedict XVI, General Audience, August 29, 2012 |publisher=Vatican.va |date=29 August 2012 |accessdate=25 December 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718093729/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2012/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20120829_en.html |archivedate=18 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> In addition, the [[Pontiff]] also noted that the religious feast particularly commemorates the transfer of this [[relic]], now enshrined in the [[San Silvestro in Capite|Basilica of San Silvestro in Capite]] in [[Rome]].*[[Islamic]] tradition maintains that the head of Saint John the Baptist was interred in the once-called [[Umayyad Mosque|Basilica of Saint John the Baptist]] in [[Damascus]]. [[Pope John Paul II]] visited the tomb of John the Baptist at the [[Umayyad Mosque]] during his visit to [[Syria]] in April, 2001. Consequently, Muslims also believe that [[Jesus Christ]] will return to this location in the [[Second Coming]].▼
*In medieval times, it was rumored that the [[Knights Templar]] had possession of the head, and multiple records from their [[Inquisition]] in the early 14th century make reference to some form of head veneration.<ref name=Martin>Sean Martin, ''The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order'', 2005. {{ISBN|1-56025-645-1}}</ref>
*[[Amiens Cathedral]] claims the head as a relic brought from [[Constantinople]] by Wallon de Sarton as he was returning from the [[Fourth Crusade]].
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*In July 2010, a small [[reliquary]] was discovered under the ruins of a 5th-century monastery on [[St. Ivan Island]], [[Bulgaria]]. Local archaeologists opened the reliquary in August and found bone fragments of a skull, a hand and a tooth, which they believe belong to John the Baptist, based on their interpretation of a Greek inscription on the reliquary. The [[Bulgarian Orthodox]] [[Bishop (Eastern Orthodox Church)|bishop]] who witnessed the opening speculated that the relics might have been a gift from an 11th-century church on the island possibly dedicated to the saint.<ref>[http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/6451893-remains-of-john-the-baptist-found-archaeologists-claim Remains of John the Baptist Found, Archaeologists Claim], 3 August 2010</ref> The remains have been [[carbon-dated]] to the 1st century.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2159578/John-Baptist-bones-theory-Scientists-claim-positive-tests-1st-century-relics.html|title=Bring me the knuckle of John the Baptist: Scientists claim 'positive' tests on 1st-century relics which are from one man, from the right place at the right time|date=15 June 2012|work=Mail Online|accessdate=29 August 2013|first=Chris|last=Brooke}}</ref>
*A reliquary with a finger of Saint John the Baptist is in the [[Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art]] in Kansas City, Missouri.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/lifeontheedge/2710704066|title=Reliquary with Finger of Saint John the Baptist - Nelson-Atkins Museum|website=[[Flickr]]}}</ref>
▲On August 29, 2012, during a televised public audience at the summer palace of [[Castel Gandolfo]], [[Pope Benedict XVI]] mentioned the dedication of a crypt in Sebaste, Samaria, where the head of the Baptist had been venerated since the middle of the fourth century.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2012/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20120829_en.html |title=Benedict XVI, General Audience, August 29, 2012 |publisher=Vatican.va |date=29 August 2012 |accessdate=25 December 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718093729/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2012/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20120829_en.html |archivedate=18 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> In addition, the [[Pontiff]] also noted that the religious feast particularly commemorates the transfer of this [[relic]], now enshrined in the [[San Silvestro in Capite|Basilica of San Silvestro in Capite]] in [[Rome]].
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