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TheBahasa KoreanKorea languagetelah hasberubah changedantara betweenkedua thenegara twokarena stateslamanya dueKorea toUtara the length of time that North and Southdan Korea have beenSelatan separateddipisahkan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sang-Hun|first1=Choe|title=Koreas: Divided by a Common Language |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/30/world/asia/30iht-dialect.2644361.html?_r=0|accessdate=16 August 2016|work=The New York Times/ International Herald Tribune|date=30 August 2006}}</ref>
[[KoreanBahasa orthographyKorea|Ortografi Korea]], asseperti definedyang bydidefinisikan theoleh [[Hangul Society|Korean Language Society]] inpada tahun 1933 in thedalam "Proposal foruntuk UnifiedOrtografi KoreanKorea OrthographyBersatu" ({{Ko-hhrm|한글 맞춤법 통일안||Hangeul Matchumbeop Tong-iran}}) continuedterus todigunakan beoleh usedKorea byUtara thedan NorthSelatan andsetelah the South after liberation ofpembebasan Korea inPada tahun 1945, butnamun withdengan thependirian establishments[[Republik ofRakyat theDemokratik DemocraticKorea]] People'sdan Republic of[[Republik Korea]] andpada the Republic of Korea intahun 1948, the twokedua statesnegara havetelah takenmengambil onkebijakan differingyang policiesberbeda regardingmengenai thebahasa languagetersebut. InPada tahun 1954, North Korea setUtara outmenetapkan theperaturan rulesuntuk forortografi Korean orthographyKorea ({{lang|ko|조선어 철자법}} ''{{transl|kor|RR|Chosŏnŏ Chŏljabŏp}}''). AlthoughMeskipun thisini washanya onlymerupakan arevisi minorkecil revisiondalam inortografi orthographyyang thatmenciptakan createdsedikit littleperbedaan differencedari fromyang thatdigunakan useddi in the SouthSelatan, fromsejak thensaat onitu, the standard language in the Northbahasa andstandar thedi SouthUtara graduallydan differedSelatan moresecara andbertahap moreberbeda fromsatu eachsama otherlain.
InPada thetahun 1960s1960-an, underdi thebawah influencepengaruh ofideologi the ''[[Juche]]'' ideologymuncul cameperubahan abesar bigdalam changekebijakan inlinguistik linguisticdi policiesKorea inUtara. North Korea.Pada Ontanggal 3 JanuaryJanuari 1964, [[Kim Il-sung]] issuedmengeluarkan hisajarannya teachings ontentang "ASejumlah NumberIsu ofdalam IssuesPengembangan onBahasa the Development of the Korean languageKorea" ({{lang|ko|조선어를 발전시키기 위한 몇 가지 문제}} ''Chosŏnŏrŭl Paljŏn Siki'gi Wihan Myŏt' Kaji Munje''), anddan onpada tanggal 14 MayMei 1966 ontentang the topictopik "InDalam RightlyMemajukan AdvancingKarakteristik theNasional NationalBahasa Characteristics of theKorea Koreandengan languagebenar" ({{lang|ko|조선어의 민족적 특성을 옳게 살려 나갈 데 대하여}} ''Chosŏnŏŭi Minjokchŏk T'ŭksŏngŭl Olge Sallyŏ Nagal Te Taehayŏ''), fromdimana whichpada thetahun yang sama, aturan "StandardBahasa KoreanKorea LanguageStandar" ({{lang|ko|조선말규범집}} ''Chosŏnmalgyubŏmjip'') rulesdikeluarkan followedoleh inKomite theRevisi sameBahasa year,Nasional issuedyang byberada thedi Nationalbawah Languagekendali Revision Committee that was directly under the control of the cabinetkabinet. FromSejak thensaat onitu, moreperbedaan importantyang differenceslebih camepenting aboutterjadi betweenantara thebahasa standardstandar languagedi inUtara thedan NorthSelatan. andPada the South. Intahun 1987, North Korea revisedUtara merevisi theperaturan aforementionedtersebut rulesdi furtheratas, anddan theseini havetetap remaineddigunakan insampai usehari until todayini. InSelain additionitu, theaturan rulesuntuk forpenspasian spacingsecara wereterpisah separatelydiletakkan laiddi out"Aturan inSpasi theStandar "Standarddalam SpacingMenulis RulesBahasa in Writing KoreanKorea" ({{lang|ko|조선말 띄여쓰기규범}} ''Chosŏnmal Ttŭiyŏssŭgigyubŏm'') inpada tahun 2000 butnamun havesejak sincesaat beenitu supersededdigantikan byoleh "RulesAturan foruntuk SpacingSpasi indalam WritingMenulis KoreanBahasa Korea" ({{lang|ko|띄여쓰기규정}} ''Ttŭiyŏssŭgigyujŏng''), issuedditerbitkan pada intahun 2003.
South Korea continuedSelatan toterus use themenggunakan ''{{transl|ko|RR|Hangeul Matchumbeop Tong-iran}}'' assebagaimana defineddidefinisikan inpada tahun 1933, untilsampai its amendmentdiamandemennya "KoreanOrtografi OrthographyKorea" ({{lang|ko|한글 맞춤법}} ''{{transl|ko|RR|Hangeul Matchumbeop}}''), togetherbersama withdengan "StandardPeraturan LanguageBahasa RegulationsStandar" ({{lang|ko|표준어 규정: pyojuneo gyujeong}}), werediterbitkan issuedpada intahun 1988, whichyang remaintetap indigunakan usesampai todaysekarang.
AsSeperti with theartikel [[Koreanfonologi phonologyBahasa Korea]] article, thisartikel ini articlemenggunakan usessimbol [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] symbolsdalam in pipespipa {{IPA|{{pipe}} {{pipe}}}} foruntuk [[morphophonemic]]smorfofonemik, slashesgaris miring {{IPA|/ /}} foruntuk [[phoneme]]sfonem, anddan bracketstanda kurung {{IPA|[ ]}} foruntuk [[allophone]]salofon. Romanisasi Kata-kata Pan-KoreanKorea romanized words are largely inmenggunakan [[Revised Romanization|''Revised Romanization'']], anddan Northromanisasi Koreankata-specifickata romanizedKorea wordsUtara are largely inmenggunakan [[McCune–Reischauer|McCune-Reischauer]]. AlsoSelain itu, fordemi thekonsistensi, sakeartikel ofini consistency,juga thissecara articlefonetis alsomentranskripsikan phonetically transcribes {{lang|ko|ㅓ}} assebagai {{IPA|/ʌ/}} foruntuk fonologi pan-KoreanKorea and South-specific phonologySelatan, anddan assebagai {{IPA|/ɔ/}} foruntuk North-specificfonologi spesifik phonologyUtara.
==Hangul (Chosŏn'gŭl)==
==Pronunciation==
[[File:Koreandialects.png|thumb|180px|DialectsDialek-dialek ofdalam KoreanBahasa Korea]]
The standard languages in the North and the South share the same types and the same number of [[phoneme]]s, but there are some differences in the actual pronunciations. The South Korean standard pronunciation is based on the [[Korean dialects|dialect]] as spoken in [[Seoul]], and the North Korean standard pronunciation is based on the dialect as spoken in [[Pyongyang]].{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Hanja
|-
|{{lang|ko|침략}} [{{ipa|tɕʰimnjak̚}}] ''ch'imnyak'' oratau [{{ipa|tɕʰimɾjak̚}}] ''ch'imryak''
|[{{ipa|tɕʰimnjak̚}}] ''chimnyak''
|侵略
|-
|{{lang|ko|협력}} [{{ipa|hjɔmnjɔk̚}}] ''hyŏmnyŏk'' oratau [{{ipa|hjɔmɾjɔk̚}}] ''hyŏmryŏk''
|[{{ipa|hjʌmnjʌk̚}}] ''hyeomnyeok''
|協力
|-
|{{lang|ko|식료}} ''singnyo'' oratau ''singryo''
|''singnyo''
|食料
|-
|{{lang|ko|청류벽}} ''ch'ŏngnyubyŏk'' oratau ''ch'ŏngryubyŏk''
|''cheongnyubyeok''
|淸流壁
|}
Perhatikan bahwa karena aturan spasi di Selatan sering tidak diketahui, tidak diikuti, atau pilihan, ejaan bervariasi dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Misalnya, kita ambil contoh kata {{lang|ko|국어 사전}} ''gugeo sajeon'', orang yang melihat ini sebagai dua kata akan menambahkan spasi, dan orang yang melihat ini sebagai satu kata akan menulisnya tanpa spasi. Dengan demikian, spasi bergantung pada bagaimana seseorang melihat apakah termasuk "satu kata", dan kenyataannya standarisasi spasi tidak menjadi masalah.
Note that since the spacing rules in the South are often unknown, not followed, or optional, spellings vary from place to place. For example, taking the word {{lang|ko|국어 사전}} ''gugeo sajeon'', people who see this as two words will add a space, and people who see this as one word will write it without a space. Thus, the spacing depends on how one views what "one word" consists of, and so, while spacing is standardised in the South, in reality the standard does not matter much.
==Emphasis==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="center" |NorthUtara
! align="center" |SouthSelatan
! align="center" |MeaningArti
|-
|{{lang|ko|조선반도 (朝鮮半島)}} ''Chosŏnbando''
|{{lang|ko|한반도 (韓半島)}} ''Hanbando''
|[[KoreanSemenanjung PeninsulaKorea]]
|-
|{{lang|ko|조국해방전쟁 (祖國解放戰爭)}} ''Choguk'aepangjŏnjaeng''
|{{lang|ko|한국 전쟁 (韓國戰爭)}} ''Hanguk jeonjaeng''
|[[KoreanPerang WarKorea]]
|-
|{{lang|ko|소학교 (小學校)}} ''sohakkyo''
|{{lang|ko|초등학교 (初等學校)}} ''chodeunghakkyo''
|Sekolah Dasar
|elementary school
|-
|{{lang|ko|동무 (同務)}} ''tongmu''
|{{lang|ko|친구 (親舊)}} ''chingu''
|Teman
|Friend
|}
|}
===OtherPerbedaan differenceskosa inkata vocabularylainnya===
Perbedaan lainnya antara bahasa standar di Utara dan Selatan disebabkan oleh perbedaan antara dialek Seoul dan Pyongyang.
The other differences between the standard languages in the North and in the South are thought to be caused by the differences between the Seoul and Pyongyang dialects.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="center" colspan="2" |NorthUtara
! align="center" colspan="2" |SouthSelatan
! align="center" rowspan="2" |MeaningArti
|-
! Joseongul !! Transliterasi
! Korean !! Transliteration
! KoreanHangeul !! TransliterationTransliterasi
|-
|{{lang|ko|강냉이}}
|{{lang|ko|옥수수}}
|''oksusu''
|jagung
|corn
|-
|{{lang|ko|달구지}}
|{{lang|ko|수레}}
|''sure''
|gerobak sapi
|cow cart
|-
|{{lang|ko|케사니}}
|{{lang|ko|거위}}
|''geowi''
|angsa
|goose
|-
|{{lang|ko|마치}}
|{{lang|ko|망치}}
|''mangchi''
|palu
|hammer
|-
|{{lang|ko|부루}}
|{{lang|ko|상추}}
|''sangchu''
|selada
|lettuce
|-
|{{lang|ko|우}}
|{{lang|ko|위}}
|''wi''
|di atas
|on, above
|}
WordsKata-kata likeseperti {{lang|ko|강냉이}} ''gangnaeng-i'' anddan {{lang|ko|우}} ''u'' arejuga alsokadang sometimesterdengar hearddalam inberbagai variousdialek dialectsdi inKorea South KoreaSelatan.
ThereAda arejuga alsobeberapa somekata wordsyang thathanya existada onlydi in the NorthUtara. TheKata verbkerja {{lang|ko|마스다}} ''masŭda'' (tountuk breakistirahat) anddan itsbentuk passive formpasifnya {{lang|ko|마사지다}} ''masajida'' (to beharus brokendipatahkan) havetidak nomemiliki exactlykata-kata correspondingyang wordssama inpersis thedi SouthSelatan.
==Problems Masalah مسألة ==
During theSelama [[2018Olimpiade WinterMusim OlympicsDingin 2018]], thekedua twonegara Koreanmemutuskan countriesuntuk decidedbermain tobersama play jointly for theuntuk [[Koreatim women'shoki nationales icenasional hockeywanita teamKorea]]. ThisHal leadini tomendatangkan issuesmasalah withbagi theatlet SouthKorea KoreanSelatan athletesyang communicatingberkomunikasi withdengan theatlet NorthKorea KoreanUtara athleteskarena since theKorea SouthSelatan usesmenggunakan Englishkata-influencedkata wordsyang indipengaruhi theirInggris postwardalam vocabularykosakata pasca-perang mereka, especiallyterutama foruntuk hockeyhoki, whilesementara theKorea isolatedUtara Northyang usesterisolasi Korean-inspiredmenggunakan wordskosakata forbuatan theirsendiri postwaruntuk kosakata pasca-perang vocabularymereka.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|last1=Siles|first1=Matt|title=Koreas' unified women's hockey team has exposed a key difference between South and North — their language|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-koreas-hockey-language-2018-story.html|accessdate=5 February 2018|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2 February 2018}}</ref>
Perbedaan bahasa juga menimbulkan tantangan bagi peneliti maupun bagi puluhan ribu orang yang telah membelot dari Utara ke Selatan sejak Perang Korea. Para pembelot menghadapi kesulitan karena mereka kekurangan kosa kata, menggunakan aksen yang berbeda, atau tidak berasimilasi secara budaya, namun mungkin tidak mengerti lelucon atau referensi tentang [[Budaya pop|budaya pop.]]<ref name="latimes"/>
The language differences also poses challenges for researchers and for the tens of thousands of people who've defected from the North to the South since the Korean War. The defectors face difficulty because they lack vocabulary, use differing accents, or have not [[culturally assimilated]] yet so may not understand jokes or references to [[pop culture]].<ref name="latimes"/>
== Lihat Juga ليهات جوࢴا ==
==See also==
* [[Institut Nasional Bahasa Korea]] (Korea Selatan)
* [[National Institute of the Korean Language]] (South Korea)
* [[New Orthography for the Korean Language]]
== Rujukan روجوكان ==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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