|
|}
====Indication ofIndikasi tensedkonsonan consonantstegang aftersetelah wordakhiran endingskata thatyang enddiakhiri withdengan ㄹ ====
InDalam wordkata endingsakhir wheredimana thekonsonan finalakhir consonant isadalah ㄹ {{IPA|{{pipe}}l{{pipe}}}}, wheredi themana Southejaan spellsSelatan -ㄹ까 {{IPA|{{pipe}}-l.k͈a{{pipe}}}} anddan -ㄹ쏘냐 {{IPA|{{pipe}}-l.s͈o.nja{{pipe}}}} tountuk indicatemenunjukkan thekonsonan tensed consonantstegang, in the Northdi theseUtara areini spelleddieja -ㄹ가 {{IPA|{{pipe}}-l.ka{{pipe}}}}，-ㄹ소냐 {{IPA|{{pipe}}-l.so.nja{{pipe}}}} insteadsebagai gantinya. TheseSecara etymologicallyetimologis areini formeddibentuk bydengan attachingmelampirkan topada thebentuk adnominal form (관형사형 ''gwanhyeongjahyeong'') thatyang endsberakhir indi ㄹ, anddan indi the NorthUtara, thekonsonan tensedtegang consonantsdilambangkan aredengan denoted withkonsonan normal consonants. AlsoJuga, thekata wordyang endingberakhiran -ㄹ게 {{IPA|{{pipe}}-l.ɡe{{pipe}}}} useddigunakan tountuk be speltdieja -ㄹ께 {{IPA|{{pipe}}-l.k͈e{{pipe}}}} indi the SouthSelatan, butnamun has since been changed in thesemenjak ''Hangeul Matchumbeop'' ofdiubah pada tahun 1988, andsekarang isia now speltdieja -ㄹ게 just like inseperti thedi NorthUtara.
=== Kata Sino-KoreanKorea words===
====Initial Huruf Awal ㄴ / ㄹ (두음법칙[{{lang|ko|頭音法則}}, ''dueum beopchik''], "initialaturan soundsuara ruleawal") ====
InitialHuruf ㄴ {{IPA|{{pipe}}n{{pipe}}}} / ㄹ {{IPA|{{pipe}}l{{pipe}}}} appearingyang inmuncul dalam [[Sino-Koreankosa kata vocabulary|Sino-Korean wordsKorea]] aretetap keptdipakai indi the NorthUtara. InDi the SouthSelatan, indalam kata-kata Sino-Korean wordsKorea thatyang begindimulai withdengan ㄹ whichyang isdiikuti followedoleh bysuara the vowel soundvokal {{IPA|[i]}} or theatau semivowelsuara soundsemivokal {{IPA|[j]}} (whenbila ㄹ isdiikuti followed by one ofoleh ㅣ {{IPA|{{pipe}}i{{pipe}}}}, ㅑ {{IPA|{{pipe}}ja{{pipe}}}}, ㅕ {{IPA|{{pipe}}jʌ{{pipe}}}}, ㅖ {{IPA|{{pipe}}je{{pipe}}}}, ㅛ {{IPA|{{pipe}}jo{{pipe}}}} andatau ㅠ {{IPA|{{pipe}}ju{{pipe}}}}), ㄹ isdiganti replaced bydengan ㅇ {{IPA|{{pipe}}∅{{pipe}}}}; when thisBila ㄹ isini followeddiikuti byoleh othervokal vowelslain itmaka isdiganti replaced byoleh ㄴ {{IPA|{{pipe}}n{{pipe}}}}. InDi the NorthUtara, the initial ㄹ istetep keptdipakai.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Hanja
!Arti
!Meaning
|-
|{{lang|ko|리성계}} {{IPA|[ɾisɔŋɡje]}} ''Ri Sŏnggye''
|{{lang|ko|이성계}} {{IPA|[isʌŋɡje]}} ''I Seonggye''
|{{lang|ko|李成桂}}
|[[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Seong-gye]]
|-
|{{lang|ko|련습}} {{IPA|[ɾjɔːnsɯp̚]}} ''ryŏnsŭp''
|{{lang|ko|연습}} {{IPA|[jʌːnsɯp̚]}} ''yeonseup''
|{{lang|ko|練習}}
|praktek
|practice
|-
|{{lang|ko|락하}} {{IPA|[ɾakʰa]}} ''rak'a''
|{{lang|ko|낙하}} {{IPA|[nakʰa]}} ''naka''
|{{lang|ko|落下}}
|jatuh
|fall
|-
|{{lang|ko|랭수}} {{IPA|[ɾɛːŋsu]}} ''raengsu''
|{{lang|ko|냉수}} {{IPA|[nɛːŋsu]}} ''naengsu''
|{{lang|ko|冷水}}
|air dingin
|cold water
|}
SimilarlyDemikian pula, indalam Sinokata-Koreankata wordsSino-Korea thatyang begindimulai withdengan ㄴ {{IPA|{{pipe}}n{{pipe}}}} anddan isdiikuti followedoleh bysuara the vowel soundvokal {{IPA|[i]}} oratau thesuara semi-vowel soundvokal {{IPA|[j]}} (whenketika ㄴ isdiikuti followedoleh bysalah onesatu ofdari {{lang|ko|ㅣ}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}i{{pipe}}}}, {{lang|ko|ㅕ}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}jʌ{{pipe}}}}, {{lang|ko|ㅛ}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}jo{{pipe}}}} anddan {{lang|ko|ㅠ}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}ju{{pipe}}}}), indi the SouthSelatan, this ㄴ is replaceddiganti bydengan ㅇ {{IPA|{{pipe}}∅{{pipe}}}}, butnamun thisini remainstetap unchangedtidak inberubah thedi NorthUtara.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Hanja
!Arti
!Meaning
|-
|{{lang|ko|니승}} {{IPA|[nisɯŋ]}} ''nisŭn''
|{{lang|ko|이승}} {{IPA|[isɯŋ]}} ''iseun''
|{{lang|ko|尼僧}}
|pendeta wanita
|priestess
|-
|{{lang|ko|녀자}} {{IPA|[njɔdʑa]}} ''nyŏja''
|{{lang|ko|여자}} {{IPA|[jʌdʑa]}} ''yeoja''
|{{lang|ko|女子}}
|perempuan
|woman
|}
TheseDemikianlah areyang thusdiucapkan pronouncedseperti asditulis writtendi inUtara the North assebagai ㄴ {{IPA|{{pipe}}n{{pipe}}}} anddan ㄹ {{IPA|{{pipe}}l{{pipe}}}}. HoweverNamun, evenbahkan indi the SouthSelatan, sometimes in orderterkadang tountuk disambiguatemembezakan thenama surnameskeluarga 유 ({{lang|ko|柳}} ''Yu'' {{IPA|[ju]}}) anddan 임 ({{lang|ko|林}} ''Im'' {{IPA|[im]}}) fromdari 유 ({{lang|ko|兪}} ''Yu'' {{IPA|[ju]}}) anddan 임 ({{lang|ko|任}} ''Im'' {{IPA|[im]}}), the formeryang maypertama bedapat writtenditulis oratau pronounceddiucapkan assebagai 류 ''Ryu'' ({{IPA|[ɾju]}}) anddan 림 ''Rim'' {{lang|ko|林}} ({{IPA|[ɾim]}}).
==== Pengucapan Hanja pronunciation====
Whereketika asebuah Hanja is writtenditulis {{lang|ko|몌}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}mje{{pipe}}}} oratau {{lang|ko|폐}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}pʰje{{pipe}}}} indi the SouthSelatan, this isini writtenditulis {{lang|ko|메}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}me{{pipe}}}}, {{lang|ko|페}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}pʰe{{pipe}}}} indi the NorthUtara (buttapi evenbahkan indi the SouthSelatan, these areini pronounceddiucapkan {{lang|ko|메}} {{IPA|/me/}}, {{lang|ko|페}} {{IPA|/pʰe/}}).
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Hanja
!Arti
!Meaning
|-
|{{lang|ko|메별}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}mebjɔl{{pipe}}}} ''mebyŏl''
|{{lang|ko|몌별}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}mjebjʌl{{pipe}}}} ''myebyeol''
|{{lang|ko|袂別}}
|perpisahan yang menyeudihkan
|sad separation
|-
|{{lang|ko|페쇄}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}pʰeːswɛ{{pipe}}}} ''p'eswae''
|{{lang|ko|폐쇄}} {{IPA|{{pipe}}pʰjeːswɛ{{pipe}}}} ''pyeswae''
|{{lang|ko|閉鎖}}
|penutupan
|closure
|}
Beberapa karakter hanja diucapkan berbeda.
Some hanja characters are pronounced differently.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Hanja
|-
|}
AlsoJuga indi the NorthUtara, the hanja {{lang|ko|讐}} isbiasanya usuallydiucapkan pronounced assebagai {{lang|ko|수}} ''su'' {{IPA|[su]}}, exceptkecuali indalam the wordkata {{lang|ko|怨讐}}/원쑤 ''wŏnssu'' ("enemymusuh"), wheredi itmana isdiucapkan pronounced assebagai {{lang|ko|쑤}} ''ssu'' {{IPA|[s͈u]}}. ItDiperkirakan isbahwa thought{{by whom|date=May 2012}} that this is toini avoidadalah theuntuk wordmenghindari becomingkata amenjadi [[homonymhomonim]] withdengan {{lang|ko|元帥}} ("militaryjenderal generalmiliter"), writtenyang ditulis assebagai {{lang|ko|원수}} ''wŏnsu'' {{IPA|{{pipe}}wɔn.su{{pipe}}}}.
===Compound wordskata majemuk ===
==== Sai siot (사이 시옷, "middle ㅅ tengah") ====
Saat membentuk kata majemuk dari kata-kata yang tidak terpapar, di mana yang disebut "sai siot" disisipkan di Selatan: ini ditinggalkan di Utara, tapi pengucapannya sama seperti di Selatan.
When forming compound words from uninflected words, where the so-called "sai siot" is inserted in the South: this is left out in the North, but the pronunciation is the same as in the South.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Pengucapan
!Pronunciation
!Arti
!Meaning
|-
|{{lang|ko|저가락}} {{IPA||tɕɔ.ka.lak|}}
|{{lang|ko|젓가락}} {{IPA||tɕʌs.ka.lak|}}
|{{lang|ko|젇까락}} {{IPA|[tɕʌt̚k͈aɾak̚]}} ''chŏtkkarak''/''jeotkkarak''<br>or {{lang|ko|저까락}} {{IPA|[tɕʌk͈aɾak̚]}} ''chŏkkarak''/''jeokkarak''
|sumpit
|chopsticks
|-
|{{lang|ko|나무잎}} {{IPA||na.mu.ipʰ|}}
|{{lang|ko|나뭇잎}} {{IPA||na.mus.ipʰ|}}
|{{lang|ko|나문닙}} {{IPA|[namunnip̚]}} ''namunnip''
|(treepohon) leafdaun
|}
In the first example, in the South, the {{lang|ko|올}} {{IPA||ol|}} part shows that the etymological origin is forgotten, and the word is written as pronounced as {{lang|ko|올바르다}} {{IPA|[olbaɾɯda]}} ''olbareuda'', but in the North, the first part is seen to come from {{lang|ko|옳다}} ''olt'a'' {{IPA||olh.ta|}} and thus the whole word is written {{lang|ko|옳바르다}} ''olbarŭda'' (pronounced the same as in the South). Conversely, in the second example, the South spelling catches the word as the combination of {{lang|ko|벚}} ''beot'' and {{lang|ko|꽃}} ''kkot'', but in the North, this is no longer recognised and thus the word is written as pronounced as {{lang|ko|벗꽃}} ''pŏtkkot''.
==Spacing Spasi ==
Di Selatan, aturan jarak tidak terlalu jelas, tapi di Utara, ini sangat tegas. Secara umum, dibandingkan dengan Korea Utara, tulisan di Selatan cenderung lebih banyak spasi. Satu penjelasan yang mungkin adalah bahwa Korut tetap dekat dengan warisan ortografi Sinitik, dimana spasi kurang dari sebuah isu dibandingkan dengan silabus atau alfabet seperti Hangul. Perbedaan utama ditunjukkan di bawah ini.
In the South, the rules of spacing are not very clearcut, but in the North, these are very precise. In general, compared to the North, the writing in the South tends to include more spacing. One likely explanation is that the North remains closer to the Sinitic orthographical heritage, where spacing is less of an issue than with a syllabary or alphabet such as Hangul. The main differences are indicated below.
===Bound nouns===
Before bound nouns (North: 불완전명사: ''purwanjŏn myŏngsa''/{{lang|ko|不完全名詞}} "incomplete nouns"; South: 의존 명사: ''uijon myeongsa''/{{lang|ko|依存名詞}} "dependent nouns"), a space is added in the South but not in the North. This applies to counter words also, but the space is sometimes allowed to be omitted in the South.
=== Kata benda terikat ===
Sebelum kata benda terikat (Utara: 불완전명사: ''purwanjŏn myŏngsa''/{{lang|ko|不完全名詞}} "kata benda tidak lengkap"; Selatan: 의존 명사: ''uijon myeongsa''/{{lang|ko|依存名詞}} "kata benda dependen"), sebuah spasi ditambahkan di Selatan tapi tidak di Utara. Ini berlaku untuk kata-kata kontra juga, namun terkadang spasi diperbolehkan untuk dihilangkan di Selatan.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Arti
!Meaning
|-
|{{lang|ko|내것}} ''naegŏt''
|{{lang|ko|내 것}} ''nae geot''
|Milikku
|my thing
|-
|{{lang|ko|할수 있다}} ''halsu itta''
|{{lang|ko|할 수 있다}} ''hal su ittda''
|Aku bisa melakukannya
|to be able to do
|-
|{{lang|ko|한개}} ''hangae''
|{{lang|ko|한 개}} ''han gae''
|satu (kata hitung)
|one thing (counter word)
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Utara
!North
!Selatan
!South
!Arti
!Meaning
|-
|{{lang|ko|먹어보다}} ''mŏgŏboda''
|{{lang|ko|먹어 보다/먹어보다}} ''meogeo boda''/''meogeoboda''
|makan
|to try to eat
|-
|{{lang|ko|올듯하다}} ''oldŭt'ada''
|{{lang|ko|올 듯하다/올듯하다}} ''ol deutada''/''oldeutada''
|tampaknya datang
|to seem to come
|-
|{{lang|ko|읽고있다}} ''ilkkoitta''
|{{lang|ko|읽고 있다}} ''ilkko ittda''
|membaca
|to be reading
|-
|{{lang|ko|자고싶다}} ''chagosip'ta''
|{{lang|ko|자고 싶다}} ''jago sipda''
|ingin tidur
|to want to sleep
|}
=== Kata-kata yang menunjukkan konsep tunggal ===
Kata-kata yang terbentuk dari dua atau lebih kata yang menunjukkan satu konsep pada prinsipnya ditulis dengan spasi di Selatan dan tanpa spasi di Utara seperti [[bahasa Jepang]] dan [[Bahasa Tionghoa|Bahasa BahaSikek]].
In the above, in the rules of the South, auxiliaries coming after {{lang|ko|-아/-어}} or an adnominal form allow the space before them to be omitted, but the space after {{lang|ko|-고}} cannot be omitted.
===Words indicating a single concept===
Words formed from two or more words that indicate a single concept in principle are written with spaces in the South and without spaces in the North like [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and [[Chinese language|Chinese]].
{| class="wikitable"
| 