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Baris 459: \| [[Berkas:Tughra of Mahmud II.JPG\|80px\|Tughra of Mahmud II]] \| * Abdul Hamid I3 \| align="left" \| * Membubarkan para [[Yanisari]] sebagai akibat dari "Insiden yang Menguntungkan" pada 1826; Baris 731: \|ref=Top81}} * ini semua dunia jer * {{cite book * tempahan PA system boleh call saya ~~\|last=Toynbee~~ * ~~\|first=Arnold J.~~ </div>{{Commons cat\|Sultans of the Ottoman Empire}}▼ ~~\|authorlink=Arnold J. Toynbee~~ ~~\|editor-last=Karpat~~ ~~\|editor-first=Kemal H.~~ ~~\|editor-link=Kemal Karpat~~ ~~\|title=The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History~~ ~~\|url=http://books.google.com/?id=orEfAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#PPA15,M1~~ ~~\|accessdate=2009-05-02~~ ~~\|series=Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East~~ ~~\|volume=11~~ ~~\|year=1974~~ ~~\|publisher=Brill Publishers~~ ~~\|location=Leiden~~ ~~\|isbn=9789004039452~~ ~~\|oclc=1318483~~ ~~\|chapter=The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History~~ ~~\|ref=Toy74}}~~ ~~</div>~~ ~~== Pranala luar ==~~ ▲{{Commons cat\|Sultans of the Ottoman Empire}} * {{en}} {{cite web \| url = http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/english/engindex.html

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