Pengguna:Indra prabowo/Khalifah: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg|kiri|jmpl|Khilafah pada 622-750 {{Legend|#a1584e|Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632}} {{Legend|#ef9070|Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphs, 632–661}} {{Legend|#fad07d|Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}]]

Umayyah memelopori gelar khalifah menjadi turun-temurun.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA129&dq=sunni+caliph&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=sunni%20caliph&f=false|title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures|last=Cavendish|first=Marshall|year=2010|isbn=9780761479260|page=129|chapter=6}}</ref> Di masa Umayyah, Khilafah tumbuh pesat dibeberapa wilayah dengan  menggabungkan [[Kaukasus]], [[Transoxiana]], [[Sindh]], [[Arab Maghrib|Maghreb]] dan sebagian besar [[Iberia|Semenanjung Iberia]] ([[Al-Andalus]]) ke dunia Muslim. Paling luas, Kekhalifahan Umayyah menguasai 5.17 juta mil persegi (13,400,000&#x20;km²), sehingga termasuk [[Daftar imperium terbesar|kekaisaran terbesar]] di dunia yang belum pernah ada sebelumnya, dan [[Daftar imperium terbesar|keenam terbesar yang pernah ada]] dalam sejarah.<ref name="Blankinship">{{Citation|last=Blankinship|first=Khalid Yahya|title=The End of the Jihad State, the Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd-al Malik and the collapse of the Umayyads|year=1994|page=37|publisher=[[State University of New York Press]]|isbn=0-7914-1827-8|ISBN=0-7914-1827-8}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;ISBN=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;isbn=</code> specified ([[Bantuan:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|bantuan]])

 

Secara geografis, kekhilafahan dibagi menjadi beberapa provinsi, batas-batasnya berubah berkali-kali selama pemerintahan Umayyah. Masing-masing provinsi memiliki seorang gubernur yang ditunjuk oleh khalifah. Namun, untuk berbagai alasan, mereka tidak dipilih oleh Syura dan perilaku jahat mereka, dinasti Umayyah tidak didukung secara penuh dalam masyarakat Muslim. Beberapa [[Sahabat nabi|sahabat]] seperti [[Zubair bin Awwam]]; merasa hanya anggota dari klan Muhammad, [[Bani Hasyim]], atau garis keturunan dari Ali yang harus memerintah.

* {{Cite book|title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936]]|last=Arnold|first=T. W.|publisher=BRILL|year=1993|isbn=978-90-04-09790-2|editor-last=Houtsma|editor-first=M. Th|volume=Volume IV|location=Leiden|pages=881–885|chapter=Khalīfa|access-date=2010-07-23|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&pg=PA881}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936]]</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Arnold</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">T. W.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">BRILL</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1993</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-90-04-09790-2</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editor last name</span><span data-key="editor-last" title="The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-last" style="position: relative;">Houtsma</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editor first name</span><span data-key="editor-first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-first" style="position: relative;">M. Th</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editors list</span><span data-key="editors" title="Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editors" style="position: relative;">Houtsma</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">Volume IV</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Leiden</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Page(s) cited</span><span data-key="pages" title="A range of pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">881–885</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="chapter" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Chapter</span><span data-key="chapter" title="The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapterurl' but not both. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="chapter" style="position: relative;">Khalīfa</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="access-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL access date</span><span data-key="access-date" title="The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="access-date" style="position: relative;">2010-07-23</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="chapter-url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Chapter URL</span><span data-key="chapter-url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="chapter-url" style="position: relative;">https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&pg=PA881</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;lastn&quot; to &quot;firstn&quot; are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Arnold</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Arnold</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">T. W.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">BRILL</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1993</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-90-04-09790-2</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editor last name</span><span data-key="editor-last" title="The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-last" style="position: relative;">Houtsma</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editor-first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editor first name</span><span data-key="editor-first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editor-first" style="position: relative;">M. Th</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="editors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Editors list</span><span data-key="editors" title="Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="editors" style="position: relative;">Houtsma</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">Volume IV</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Location of publication</span><span data-key="location" title="Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Leiden</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Page(s) cited</span><span data-key="pages" title="A range of pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">881–885</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="chapter" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Chapter</span><span data-key="chapter" title="The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapterurl' but not both. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="chapter" style="position: relative;">Khalīfa</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="access-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL access date</span><span data-key="access-date" title="The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="access-date" style="position: relative;">2010-07-23</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="chapter-url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Chapter URL</span><span data-key="chapter-url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="chapter-url" style="position: relative;">https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC&pg=PA881</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, &quot;lastn&quot; to &quot;firstn&quot; are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Arnold</div></div></div></div>

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.">Citation</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">title of source</span><span data-key="title" title="Title of source; displays in italics." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">year</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1986</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">last1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last1" style="position: relative;">Crone</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">last2</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last2" style="position: relative;">Hinds</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">first1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first1" style="position: relative;">Patricia</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">first2</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first2" style="position: relative;">Martin</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authorlink1" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">authorlink1</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authorlink1" style="position: relative;">Patricia Crone</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">location</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Cambridge, England</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">publisher</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Cambridge University Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">isbn</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0-521-32185-3</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ISBN" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ISBN" style="position: relative;">978-0-521-32185-3</div></div></div></div>

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.">Citation</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">author surname</span><span data-key="last" title="surname of the author of the cited material" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Donner</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">author given name</span><span data-key="first" title="given name (first name) of the author of the cited material" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Fred McGraw</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">title of source</span><span data-key="title" title="Title of source; displays in italics." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">The Early Islamic Conquests</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">url of source</span><span data-key="url" title="URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00877</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">year</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1981</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="author-link" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">author-link</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="author-link" style="position: relative;">Fred Donner</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authorlink" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">authorlink</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authorlink" style="position: relative;">Fred Donner</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">location</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">Princeton, N.J</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">publisher</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Princeton University Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">isbn</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0-691-05327-1</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ISBN" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ISBN" style="position: relative;">978-0-691-05327-1</div></div></div></div>

* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Caliphate|first=Michael Jan de|last=Goeje|authorlink=Michael Jan de Goeje|volume=5}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">Cite EB1911</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="wstitle" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">wstitle</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="wstitle" style="position: relative;">Caliphate</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">first</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Michael Jan de</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">last</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Goeje</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authorlink" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">authorlink</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authorlink" style="position: relative;">Michael Jan de Goeje</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="author-link" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">author-link</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="author-link" style="position: relative;">Michael Jan de Goeje</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">volume</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">5</div></div></div></div>

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.">Citation</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">author surname</span><span data-key="last" title="surname of the author of the cited material" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Wright</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">author given name</span><span data-key="first" title="given name (first name) of the author of the cited material" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Lawrence</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">title of source</span><span data-key="title" title="Title of source; displays in italics." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">year</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2007</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="author-link" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">author-link</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="author-link" style="position: relative;">Lawrence Wright</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authorlink" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">authorlink</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authorlink" style="position: relative;">Lawrence Wright</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="origyear" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">origyear</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="origyear" style="position: relative;">2006</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="location" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">location</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="location" style="position: relative;">London</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">publisher</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Vintage</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">isbn</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-1-4000-3084-2</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ISBN" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ISBN" style="position: relative;">978-1-4000-3084-2</div></div></div></div>

* {{Cite journal|last=Holt|first=Peter M.|author-link=Peter M. Holt|year=1984|title=Some Observations on the 'Abbāsid Caliphate of Cairo|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|publisher=University of London|volume=47|issue=3|pages=501–507|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00113710|ref=harv}}