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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Penyakit Coeliacseliak
| image = Coeliac path.jpg
| caption = Biopsi dari [[usus halus]] yang menunjukkan penyakit celiacseliak yang dapat dilihat dengan menumpulkan [[villus usus]]],[[hipertrofi]] crypt, dan [[limfosit]] infiltrasi crypts
| field = [[Gastroenterologi]], [[obat penyakit dalam]]
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|l|i|æ|k}} {{respell|SEE|lee|ak}}
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| deaths =
}}
'''Penyakit coeliacseliak''', juga disebut '''penyakit celiac''', adalah [[gangguan autoimun]] jangka panjang yang mempengaruhi [[usus kecil]]. <ref> name=NIH2015</ref> Gejala klasik termasuk masalah gastrointestinal seperti [[diare kronis]], [[distensi abdomen]], [[malabsorpsi]], hilangnya nafsu makan dan diantara anak-anak gagal untuk tumbuh secara normal. <ref> name=Fasano2005Pediatric</ref> Penyakit ini biasanya dimulai pada usia enam bulan dan dua tahun. <ref> name=Fasano2005Pediatric </ref> Gejala non-klasik lebih umum, terutama pada orang yang lebih tua. <ref> name=ESPGHAN2012 </ref><ref> name=Newnham2017>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/jgh.13704 |pmid=28244672 |title=Coeliac disease in the 21st century: Paradigm shifts in the modern age |journal=Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |volume=32 |pages=82–85 |year=2017 |last1=Newnham |first1=Evan D | quote=Presentation of CD with malabsorptive symptoms or malnutrition is now the exception rather than the rule. }}{{free access}}</ref><ref> name=RostamiNejadHoggKollars2011>{{cite journal|vauthors=Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K|title= Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity|journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench |volume=4|issue=3|pages=102–8|date=2011|pmid=24834166|pmc=4017418|doi=|type=Review}}</ref><ref> name=TonuttiBizzaro2014>{{cite journal|vauthors=Tonutti E, Bizzaro N|title=Diagnosis and classification of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity|journal=Autoimmun Rev|volume=13|issue=4–5|pages=472–6|date=2014|pmid=24440147|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.043|type=Review}}</ref> Mungkin ada beberapa gejala. <ref> name=Fasano2005Pediatric </ref> Penyakit celiac pertama kali dijelaskan pada anak-anak; <ref> name=ESPGHAN2012>{{cite journal|vauthors=Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mearin ML, Phillips A, Shamir R, Troncone R, Giersiepen K, Branski D, Catassi C, Lelgeman M, Mäki M, Ribes-Koninckx C, Ventura A, Zimmer KP,(( ESPGHAN Working Group on Coeliac Disease Diagnosis; ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition))|title=European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease|journal=J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr|volume=54|issue=1|pages=136–60|date=Jan 2012|pmid=22197856|url=http://www.espghan.org/fileadmin/user_upload/guidelines_pdf/Guidelines_2404/European_Society_for_Pediatric_Gastroenterology_.28__1_.pdf|doi=10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0|type=Practice Guideline|quote=Since 1990, the understanding of the pathological processes of CD has increased enormously, leading to a change in the clinical paradigm of CD from a chronic, gluten-dependent enteropathy of childhood to a systemic disease with chronic immune features affecting different organ systems. (...) atypical symptoms may be considerably more common than classic symptoms|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403065800/http://www.espghan.org/fileadmin/user_upload/guidelines_pdf/Guidelines_2404/European_Society_for_Pediatric_Gastroenterology_.28__1_.pdf|archivedate=3 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref> name=Cic2015>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Cangemi GC, Pohanka M, Betti E, Lauret E, Rodrigo L|title=The Spectrum of Differences between Childhood and Adulthood Celiac Disease|journal=Nutrients|volume=7|issue=10|pages=8733–51|date=Oct 22, 2015|pmid=26506381|pmc=4632446|doi=10.3390/nu7105426|type=Review|quote=Several additional studies in extensive series of coeliac patients have clearly shown that TG2A sensitivity varies depending on the severity of duodenal damage, and reaches almost 100% in the presence of complete villous atrophy (more common in children under three years), 70% for subtotal atrophy, and up to 30% when only an increase in IELs is present. ''(IELs: intraepithelial lymphocytes)''}}</ref> namun, dapat menjangkit segala usia. <ref> name=Fasano2005Pediatric>{{cite journal|author=Fasano A|title=Clinical presentation of celiac disease in the pediatric population|journal=Gastroenterology|volume=128|issue=4 Suppl 1|pages=S68-73|date=Apr 2005|pmid=15825129|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.015|type=Review}}</ref><ref> name=ESPGHAN2012 </ref> Hal ini terkait dengan [[penyakit autoimun]] lainnya, seperti [[diabetes mellitus]] tipe 1 dan [[tiroiditis]]. <ref> name=Cic2015 </ref>
 
Penyakit celiac disebabkan oleh reaksi terhadap [[gluten]], yang sama seperti butiran [[gandum]] dan [[rye]]. <ref> name=TovoliMasi2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tovoli F, Masi C, Guidetti E, Negrini G, Paterini P, Bolondi L | title = Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders | journal = World Journal of Clinical Cases | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 275–84 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25789300 | pmc = 4360499 | doi = 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i3.275 | type = Review }}</ref><ref name=PenaginiDilillo2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Penagini F, Dilillo D, Meneghin F, Mameli C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti GV | title = Gluten-free diet in children: an approach to a nutritionally adequate and balanced diet | journal = Nutrients | volume = 5 | issue = 11 | pages = 4553–65 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24253052 | pmc = 3847748 | doi = 10.3390/nu5114553 | type = Review }}</ref><ref> name=Lancet2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Di Sabatino A, Corazza GR | title = Coeliac disease | journal = Lancet | volume = 373 | issue = 9673 | pages = 1480–93 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19394538 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60254-3 }}</ref> Jumlah [[oat]] yang moderat, bebas kontaminasi dengan biji-bijian lain yang mengandung gluten, biasanya ditoleransi.<ref> name=PenaginiDilillo2013 </ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pinto-Sánchez MI, Causada-Calo N, Bercik P, Ford AC, Murray JA, Armstrong D, Semrad C, Kupfer SS, Alaedini A, Moayyedi P, Leffler DA, Verdú EF, Green P | title = Safety of Adding Oats to a Gluten-Free Diet for Patients With Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Observational Studies | journal = Gastroenterology | volume = 153 | issue = 2 | pages = 395–409.e3 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28431885 | doi = 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.009 }}</ref> Terjadinya penyakit ini mungkin tergantung pada jenis oat yang dikonsumsi.<ref> name=PenaginiDilillo2013 </ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pinto-Sánchez MI, Causada-Calo N, Bercik P, Ford AC, Murray JA, Armstrong D, Semrad C, Kupfer SS, Alaedini A, Moayyedi P, Leffler DA, Verdú EF, Green P | title = Safety of Adding Oats to a Gluten-Free Diet for Patients With Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Observational Studies | journal = Gastroenterology | volume = 153 | issue = 2 | pages = 395–409.e3 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28431885 | doi = 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.009 }}</ref> Penyakit ini terjadi pada orang yang secara [[genetis]] memiliki kecenderungan. <ref> name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=Celiac Disease|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|website=NIDDKD|accessdate=17 March 2016|date=June 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313222154/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|archivedate=13 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Setelah terpapar oleh gluten, respons imun abnormal dapat menyebabkan produksi beberapa [[autoantibodi]] yang berbeda yang dapat mempengaruhi sejumlah [[organ]] yang berbeda. <ref> name=Lund2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lundin KE, Wijmenga C | title = Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening | journal = Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 507–15 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26303674 | doi = 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136 | type = Review | quote = The abnormal immunological response elicited by gluten-derived proteins can lead to the production of several different autoantibodies, which affect different systems. }}</ref><ref> name=NICEcoeliac>{{NICE|86|Recognition and assessment of coeliac disease|2015}}</ref> Dalam usus kecil, ini menyebabkan reaksi [[peradangan]] dan dapat memendekkan [[vili]] yang melapisi usus kecil ([[vili atrofi]]). <ref> name=NIH2015</ref><ref> name=VivasVaquero2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vivas S, Vaquero L, Rodríguez-Martín L, Caminero A | title = Age-related differences in celiac disease: Specific characteristics of adult presentation | journal = World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 207–12 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26558154 | pmc = 4635160 | doi = 10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.207 | type = Review | quote = In addition, the presence of intraepithelial lymphocytosis and/or villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia of small-bowel mucosa, and clinical remission after withdrawal of gluten from the diet, are also used for diagnosis antitransglutaminase antibody (tTGA) titers and the degree of histological lesions inversely correlate with age. Thus, as the age of diagnosis increases antibody titers decrease and histological damage is less marked. It is common to find adults without villous atrophy showing only an inflammatory pattern in duodenal mucosa biopsies: Lymphocytic enteritis (Marsh I) or added crypt hyperplasia (Marsh II) }}</ref> Hal ini mempengaruhi penyerapan nutrisi, yang sering menyebabkan [[anemia]]. <ref> name=NIH2015</ref><ref> name=Lancet2009</ref>
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