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←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Same-sex unions}} {{Use American English|date=July 2015}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2015}} '''Same-sex marriage in the United States''' was initially established...' |
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▲'''Same-sex marriage in the United States''' was initially established on a state-by-state basis, expanding from 1 state in 2004 to 36 states in 2015, when, on June 26, 2015, [[same-sex marriage]] was established in all 50 [[U.S. state|states]] as a result of the ruling of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in the [[List of landmark court decisions in the United States|landmark]] [[civil rights]] case of ''[[Obergefell v. Hodges]]'', in which it was held that the [[Fundamental rights in the United States|right]] of same-sex couples to marry on the same terms and conditions as opposite-sex couples, with all the accompanying rights and responsibilities, is guaranteed by both the [[Due Process Clause]] and the [[Equal Protection Clause]] of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Obergefell et al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio, Department of Health, et al.|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/14-556_3204.pdf|website=supremecourt.gov|accessdate=June 26, 2015}}</ref>
Civil rights campaigning in favor of marriage without distinction as to sex or sexual orientation began in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Same-Sex Couple Who Got a Marriage License in 1971|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/us/the-same-sex-couple-who-got-a-marriage-license-in-1971.html|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 16, 2015|accessdate=April 6, 2018}}</ref> In 1972, the now overturned ''[[Baker v. Nelson]]'' saw the U.S. Supreme Court decline to become involved.<ref name="Gumbel">{{cite news |last=Gumbel|first=Andrew|title=The Great Undoing?|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/2009/06/20/great-undoing|work=[[The Advocate]]|accessdate=July 9, 2012}}</ref> The issue became prominent from around 1993, when the [[Supreme Court of Hawaii]] ruled in ''[[Baehr v. Miike|Baehr v. Lewin]]'' that the state's abridgment of marriage on the basis of sex was unconstitutional. The ruling led to federal and state actions to explicitly abridge marriage on the basis of sex in order to prevent the marriages of same-sex couples from being recognized, the most prominent of which was [[Defense of Marriage Act|DOMA]]. In 2003, the [[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court]] ruled in ''[[Goodridge v. Department of Public Health]]'' that it is unconstitutional for the state to abridge marriage on the basis of sex. From 2004 to 2015, as the tide of [[Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States|public opinion]] continued to move forward towards support of same-sex marriage, various state court rulings, state legislation, popular referendums, and federal court rulings established same-sex marriage in 36 states. In 2011, national [[Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States|public support]] for same-sex marriage rose above 50% for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|title=For First Time, Majority of Americans Favor Legal Gay Marriage|url=http://news.gallup.com/poll/147662/first-time-majority-americans-favor-legal-gay-marriage.aspx|website=Gallup|date=May 20, 2011}}</ref> In 2013, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down DOMA, declaring it to be a violation of the [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] in ''[[United States v. Windsor]]'', leading to federal recognition of same-sex marriage, with federal benefits for married couples connected to either the state of residence or the state in which the marriage was solemnized. In 2015, national [[Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States|public support]] for same-sex marriage rose to 60% for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Record-High 60% of Americans Support Same-Sex Marriage|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/183272/record-high-americans-support-sex-marriage.aspx|website=Gallup|date=May 19, 2015}}</ref> In 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in ''[[Obergefell v. Hodges]]'' that the right of same-sex couples to marry on the same terms and conditions as opposite-sex couples, with all the accompanying rights and responsibilities, is guaranteed by both the [[Due Process Clause]] and the [[Equal Protection Clause]] of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]].
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