Sejarah Bahrain: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Muhammad Bahrain letter facsimile.png|jmpl|[[Faksimile]] sebuah surat yang dikirim oleh Nabi [[Muhammad]] kepada [[Munzir bin Sawa al-Tamimi]], gubernur Bahrain pada {{sc|ad}} 628]]
Interaksi pertama Nabi [[Muhammad]] dengan penduduk Bahrain adalah dengan [[penyerangan Al Kudr]].
Penulis tradisional [[Islam]] menyatakan bahwa [[Al-ʿAlāʾ Al-Haḍrami]] telah mengirim seorang utusan saat [[Ekspedisi Zaid bin Haristah (Hisma)]]<ref>Safiur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA222 The Sealed Nectar], p. 226</ref><ref name=history>Akbar Shāh Ḵẖān Najībābādī, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=L8VHVM-lPNT77Aaiw4CICw&id=Pi5tAAAAMAAJ&dq=kalbi History of Islam, Volume 1], p. 194. Quote: "Again, the Holy Prophet «P sent Dihyah bin Khalifa Kalbi to the Byzantine king Heraclius, Hatib bin Abi Baltaeh to the king of Egypt and Alexandria; Allabn Al-Hazermi to Munzer bin Sawa the king of Bahrain; Amer bin Aas to the king of Oman. Salit bin Amri to Hozah bin Ali— the king of Yamama; Shiya bin Wahab to Haris bin Ghasanni to the king of Damascus"</ref> kepada [[Bahrain (wilayah bersejarah)|wilayah Bahrain]] oleh Nabi [[Muhammad]] pada {{sc|ad}} 628 dan bahwa [[Munzir bin Sawa al-Tamimi]], penguasa lokal, merespon misinya dan mengonversi atau menyatukan seluruh wilayahnya.<ref>A letter purported to be from Muhammad to al-Tamimi is preserved at the [[Bait Al-Qur'an|Beit al-Qur'an]] di [[Hoora]], Bahrain</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The letters of the Prophet Muhammed beyond Arabia |url=http://www.alghurabaa.org/books/seerah/The%20letters%20of%20the%20Prophet%20Muhammad%20to%20the%20Kings%20beyond%20Arabia.pdf |accessdate=18 June 2012 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
Baris 164:
== Pemberontakan Bahraini ==
Terinspirasi dari pemberontakan regional [[Kebangkitan dunia Arab]], mayoritas Syi'ah Bahrain mulai mengadakan protes terhadap penguasaan Sunni dalam [[Demonstrasi Bahrain 2011]].<ref name="reutbahsoe">{{Cite news|title=Bahrain declares state of emergency after unrest |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/03/15/us-bahrain-emergency-idUKTRE72E3E620110315 |publisher=Reuters |date=15 March 2011 |accessdate=3 October 2012 |archivedate=3 October 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8fpjNiK?url=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2011%2F03%2F15%2Fus-bahrain-emergency-idUKTRE72E3E620110315 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name="bici">{{cite web|url=http://www.bici.org.bh/|title=Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry |publisher=BICI}}</ref>{{rp|162–3}} Pemerintah pada awalnya mengizinkan protestan menurut seorang protestan pemerintah melakukan razia pada protestan yang berdiam diri di [[Pearl Roundabout]].<ref name="bici" />{{rp|73–4, 88}} Sebulan kemudian diusulkan bantuan keamanan dari [[Arab Saudi]] dan negara-negara Arab di Teluk Persia lainnya dan mengumumkan sebuah ketidak amanan selama tiga bulan.<ref name="bici" />{{rp|132–9}} Pemerintah kemudian meluncurkan sebuah crackdown kepada para oposisi termasuk melaksanakan ribuan penangkapan dan penyiksaan yang sistematis.<ref name="BBC News">Law, Bill (6 April 2011). [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12975832 "Police Brutality Turns Bahrain Into 'Island of Fear']. ''[[Crossing Continents]]'' (via [[BBC News]]). Retrieved 15 April 2011.</ref><ref>[[Press release]] (30 March 2011). [http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1103/S01049/usa-emphatic-support-to-saudi-arabia.htm "USA Emphatic Support to Saudi Arabia"]. [[Zayd Alisa]] (melalui [[Scoop (situs web)|Scoop]]). Retrieved 15 April 2011.</ref><ref>[[Patrick Cockburn|Cockburn, Patrick]] (18 March 2011). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-footage-that-reveals-the-brutal-truth-about-bahrains-crackdown-2245364.html "The Footage That Reveals the Brutal Truth About Bahrain's Crackdown – Seven Protest Leaders Arrested as Video Clip Highlights Regime's Ruthless Grip on Power"]. ''[[The Independent]]''. Retrieved 15 April 2011.</ref><ref name="aljazeera">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/11/20111123125645404851.html |title=Bahrain inquiry confirms rights abuses |archivedate=3 October 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8lMge2D?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2011%2F11%2F20111123125645404851.html |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=23 November 2011 |accessdate=19 June 2012 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Applying pressure on Bahrain |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/applying-pressure-on-bahrain/2011/05/09/AF3sV6bG_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 May 2011 |accessdate=7 July 2012 |archivedate=3 October 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8lU6de1?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fapplying-pressure-on-bahrain%2F2011%2F05%2F09%2FAF3sV6bG_story.html |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> Dentuman setiap hari antara protestan dan pasukan keamanan memimpin kepada lusinan kematian.<ref name="AJE 23.4.2012">Carlstrom, Gregg (23 April 2012). [http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/04/20124231124916976.html "Bahrain court delays ruling in activists case"]. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 14 June 2012.</ref> Protes, kadangkala dijadwalkan oleh partai oposisi, dimulai.<ref name="reutbahral">{{Cite news|title=Thousands rally for reform in Bahrain |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/11/us-bahrain-idUSTRE75A19G20110611 |publisher=Reuters |author=Solomon, Erika |archivedate=3 October 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8ljEYJm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2011%2F06%2F11%2Fus-bahrain-idUSTRE75A19G20110611 |date=11 June 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name="bbcbahmar">{{Cite news|title=Bahrain protesters join anti-government march in Manama |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17309839 |publisher=BBC News |date=9 March 2012 |accessdate=3 October 2012 |archivedate=3 October 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8mVdKZU?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-17309839 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name="reutbahmass">{{Cite news|title=Mass pro-democracy protest rocks Bahrain |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/03/09/uk-bahrain-protest-idUKBRE82816T20120309 |publisher=Reuters |date=9 March 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8lu27Ku?url=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F03%2F09%2Fuk-bahrain-protest-idUKBRE82816T20120309 |archivedate=3 October 2012 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name="JSC live blog 25 January 2012">{{cite news | title = Bahrain live blog 25 Jan 2012 | date=25 January 2012 | publisher=Al Jazeera| url = http://blogs.aljazeera.com/liveblog/bahrain-jan-25-2012-1836 | accessdate=17 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="JSC 15 February 2012">{{Cite news|title=Heavy police presence blocks Bahrain protests |date=15 February 2012 |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/02/201221415146400277.html |accessdate=17 February 2012 |archivedate=3 October 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6B8lzfhTJ?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2012%2F02%2F201221415146400277.html |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> Lebih sari 80 warga dan 13 polisi terbunuh pada 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bomb blast kills three Bahrain policemen|publisher=BBC|date=3 March 2014|accessdate=6 March 2014|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26421744}}</ref> Kekurangan nya diliput oleh media Arab di Teluk Persia,<ref name="Hammond">{{cite news|last=Hammond|first=Andrew|title=Gulf media find their red line in uprisings:Bahrain|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/14/oukwd-uk-mideast-protests-media-idAFTRE73D1HB20110414?sp=true|agency=Reuters Africa|accessdate=26 April 2013|date=14 April 2011}}</ref> sebagai pelengkap pemberontakan dalam [[Kebangkitan dunia Arab]] lainnya, memunculkan beberapa kontroversi.
== Referensi ==
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