Arab Saudi: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Petroleum]] ditemukan di Arab Saudi pada 3 Maret 1938 dan diikuti ditemukannya ladang-ladang minyak lain di [[Hududusy Syamaliyah|Provinsi Timur]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Caryl|first1=Sue|title=1938: Oil Discovered in Saudi Arabia|url=http://nationalgeographic.org/thisday/mar3/oil-discovered-saudi-arabia/|website=National Geographic|publisher=National Geographic Society|accessdate=27 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Learsy|first1=Raymond|title=Oil and Finance: The Epic Corruption|date=2011|page=89}}</ref> Arab Saudi merupakan negara pemroduksi dan pengekspor minyak terbesar di dunia, mengontrol cadangan minyak terbesar kedua di dunia, dan memiliki cadangan gas terbesar keenam di dunia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eia.gov/countries/index.cfm?view=production|title=International – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)|work=eia.gov}}</ref> Kerajaan dikategorikan oleh [[Bank Dunia]] dengan sebuah [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]],<ref name=UNDR2014>{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2014|date=2013|publisher=United Nations|page=159|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-report-en-1.pdf}}</ref> dan merupakan satu-satunya negara Arab yang menjadi anggota dari [[Ekonomi Utama G-20]].<ref>{{cite book|author=James Wynbrandt|title=A Brief History of Saudi Arabia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99M0zoSqsF0C&pg=PA242|year=2004|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0830-8|page=242}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Saudi Arabia to overtake Russia as top oil producer-IEA |author1=Soldatkin, Vladimir |author2=Astrasheuskaya, Nastassia |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/09/russia-energy-iea-idUSL6E7M93XT20111109 |agency=Reuters |date=9 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=UAE has most diversified GCC economy|url=http://www.emirates247.com/business/economy-finance/uae-has-most-diversified-gcc-economy-2014-01-06-1.533612|work=emirates247.com|date=6 January 2014}}</ref> Negara ini seringkali mendapat kritik karena hal hak-hak perempuan dan penggunaan hukumannya.<ref>{{cite web|title=The death penalty in Saudi Arabia: Facts and Figure|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/08/the-death-penalty-in-saudi-arabia-facts-and-figures/|website=Amnesty International|accessdate=4 January 2016}}</ref> Arab Saudi adalah sebuah negara monarki otokrasi,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Authoritarian Resurgence: Saudi Arabia's Anxious Autocrats|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/2015/04/15/authoritarian-resurgence-saudi-arabia-s-anxious-autocrats|website=Carnegie Endowment|accessdate=5 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=EIU>{{cite book|title=Democracy index 2012 Democracy at a standstill|date=2012|publisher=The Economist Intelligence Unit|url=http://pages.eiu.com/rs/eiu2/images/Democracy-Index-2012.pdf}}</ref> dengan jumlah pengeluaran keuangan militer tertinggi keempat di dunia,<ref>[http://www.iiss.org/en/about%20us/press%20room/press%20releases/press%20releases/archive/2014-dd03/february-0abc/military-balance-2014-press-statement-52d7 The Military Balance 2014: Top 15 Defence Budgets 2013] (IISS)</ref><ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |url = http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=476 |title = The 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2013 (table) |publisher = [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] |format=PDF}}</ref> dan pada 2010–14, [[SIPRI]] menemukan bahwa Arab Saudi merupakan importir senjata terbesar kedua di dunia.<ref name="books.sipri.org">{{cite web|title=Trends in International Arms Transfer, 2014|url=http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=495|website=www.sipri.org|publisher=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute|accessdate=18 March 2015|ref=SIPRI Fact Sheet, March 2015}}</ref> Arab Saudi dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai negara adidaya wilayah dan adidaya menengah.<ref name="The United States and the Great Powers">{{cite book | author =Barry Buzan | title=The United States and the Great Powers | publisher=Polity Press | year=2004 | location=Cambridge, United Kingdom | pages =71 | isbn =0-7456-3375-7}}</ref> Negara ini ditambahkan kedalam [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf|GCC]], negara ini juga merupakan anggota aktif dalam [[Organisasi Kerjasama Islam]] dan [[OPEC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeastmonitor.com/articles/middle-east/8207-the-erosion-of-saudi-arabias-image-among-its-neighbours |title=The erosion of Saudi Arabia's image among its neighbours |publisher=Middleeastmonitor.com |date=7 November 2013}}</ref>

 

 

== Ekonomi ==