Omer: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

Menurut ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1906), satu ''efa'' didefinisikan sebagai 72&nbsp;''[[:en:Log (unit)|log]]'', dan satu ''[[Satuan ukur Ibrani#satuan volume|Log]]'' setara dengan satu ''[[:en:mina (unit)|mina]]'' [[Sumeria]], yang didefinisikan sebagai seperenam puluh ''[[:en:Maris (unit)|maris]]'';<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia">"[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14821-weights-and-measures Weights and Measures]", ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' (1906)</ref> sehingga satu ''omer'' setara dengan sekitar {{frac|12|100}} ''maris''. Satu ''maris'' didefinisikan sebagai jumlah air yang beartnya setara dengan satu [[:en:Talent (unit)|talenta]] kerajaan "ringan",<ref>Ada dua jenis ''talenta'' - "kerajaan" (''royal'') dan "umum" (''common''), di mana setiap jenis terbagi atas bentuk "ringan" (''light'') and bentuk "berat" (''heavy''); ukuran yang "berat" setara dengan dua kali ukuran berat bahan berbentuk "ringan" (''light'')</ref> yang setara dengan 30,3&nbsp;[[liter]],<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/> membuat satu ''omer'' setara dengan ~ 3,64&nbsp;liter. Namun, ''Jewish Study Bible'' (2014), menyebut satu ''omer'' sekitar 2,3 liter.<ref name="BerlinBrettler2014">{{cite book|author1=Adele Berlin|author2=Marc Zvi Brettler|title=The Jewish Study Bible: Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yErYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT381|date=17 October 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-939387-9|page=381}}</ref>

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In traditional [[Minhag|Jewish standards]] of measurement, the ''omer'' was equivalent to the capacity of 43.2 eggs, or what is also known as one-tenth of an [[ephah]] (three ''seahs'').<ref>Based on the [[Aramaic Targum]] of pseudo-Jonathan ben Uzziel on Exodus 16:36 who says: "an omer is one-tenth of three ''seahs''." In Hebrew measures, 1 ''seah'' is equal to the capacity of 144 eggs. Three seahs are the equivalent of 432 eggs; one-tenth of this is 43.2 eggs (''The Mishnah'', ed. Herbert Danby, Oxford University Press: Oxford 1977, Appendix II, p. 798)</ref> In dry weight, the ''omer'' weighed between 1.560 kg. to 1.770 kg., being the quantity of flour required to separate therefrom the [[dough offering]].<ref>[[Maimonides]] brings down its approximate weight in Egyptian ''[[dirham]]s'', writing in [[Mishnah]] ''Eduyot'' 1:2: "...And I found the rate of the dough-portion in that measurement to be approximately five-hundred and twenty ''dirhams'' of wheat flour, while all these ''dirhams'' are the Egyptian [''dirham'']." This view is repeated by [[Yosef Karo|Maran]]'s ''[[Shulhan Arukh]]'' (Hil. Hallah, [[Yoreh Deah]] §{{nbsp}}324:3) in the name of the [[Arba'ah Turim|Tur]]. In Maimonides' commentary of the Mishnah (''Eduyot'' 1:2, note 18), Rabbi [[Yosef Qafih]] explains that the weight of each Egyptian ''dirham'' was approximately 3.333 grammes, which total weight of flour requiring the separation of the dough-portion comes to appx. 1 kilo and 733 grammes. Rabbi [[Ovadiah Yosef]], in his ''Sefer Halikhot ʿOlam'' (vol. 1, pp. 288-291), makes use of a different standard for the Egyptian ''dirham'', saying that it weighed appx. 3.0 grammes, meaning the minimum requirement for separating the priest's portion is 1 kilo and 560 grammes. Others (e.g. Rabbi [[Avraham Chaim Naeh]]) say the Egyptian ''dirham'' weighed appx. 3.205 grammes, which total weight for the requirement of separating the dough-portion comes to 1 kilo and 666 grammes. Rabbi Shelomo Qorah (Chief Rabbi of [[Bnei Barak]]) brings down the traditional weight used in Yemen for each ''dirham'', saying that it weighed 3.36 gram, making the total weight for the required separation of the dough-portion to be 1 kilo and 770.72 grammes.</ref>