Augusto Pinochet: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Spanish name|first=Pinochet|second=Ugarte}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Augusto Pinochet
|
|image = Augusto Pinochet
|imagesize = 230px
|caption =
|predecessor = [[Salvador Allende]]
|successor = [[
|footnotes =
<!--Military service-->
|signature = Signature of Augusto Pinochet.svg
|alongside2 =
|office2 = {{longitem|Presiden [[Pemerintah Junta Chili (1973)|Pemerintahan Junta Chili]]}}
|predecessor2 =
|successor2 = [[José Toribio Merino]]
|birthname = Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte
|birth_date = {{birth date|1915|11|25|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Valparaíso]], [[Chili]]
|death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|2006|12|10|1915|11|25|df=y}} }}
|death_place = [[Santiago]], Chili
|death_cause = [[Serangan jantung]]
|nationality = Chili
|spouse = {{longitem|[[Lucía Hiriart]] {{small|(1943–2006)}}}}
|children = {{unbulleted list |[[Lucía Pinochet|Inés Lucía Pinochet]] |María Verónica Pinochet |Jacqueline Marie Pinochet |Augusto Osvaldo Pinochet |Marco Antonio Pinochet}}
|alma_mater = Akademi Perang Chili
|occupation = {{hlist |Perwira militer |Presiden}}
|profession = [[Militer]]
|website =
|nickname =
|allegiance = {{flag|Chili}}
|branch = [[Berkas:Coat of arms of the Chilean Army.svg|20px]] [[Angkatan Darat Chili]]
|serviceyears = 1931–1998
|rank = [[Berkas:CAPITAL GENERAL EJERCITO DE CHILE 2.png|20px]] [[Kapten Jenderal]]
|unit = {{unbulleted list |Resimen "Chacabuco"|Resimen "Maipo"|Resimen "Carampangue"|Resimen "Rancagua"|Divisi Tentara 1}}
|commands = {{unbulleted list |Resimen "Esmeralda"|Divisi Tentara 2 |Divisi Tentara 6 |Garnisun Tentara Santiago |[[Angkatan Darat Chili]]}}
|battles = [[Kudeta Chili 1973]]
|term_start = 17 Desember 1974
|term_end = 11 Maret 1990
|term_start2 = 11 September 1973
|term_end2 = 11 Maret 1981
|office3 = {{longitem|[[Daftar Panglima Tertinggi Angkatan Darat Chili|Panglima Tertinggi Angkatan Darat Chili]]}}
|term_start3 = 23 Agust 1973
|term_end3 = 11 Maret 1998
|predecessor3 = [[Carlos Prats]]
|successor3 = [[Ricardo Izurieta]]
|office4 = [[Senat Chili|Senator seumur hidup Chili]]
|term_start4 = 11 Maret 1998
|term_end4 = 4 Juli 2002
|constituency4 = ''Mantan presiden''
}}
'''Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte''' ({{lahirmati||25|11|1915||10|12|2006}}) adalah seorang [[jenderal]], [[politikus]] dan [[diktator]] asal [[Chili]] yang berkuasa antara tahun 1973 hingga 1990, ia tetap menjadi [[Panglima Tertinggi]] [[Angkatan Darat Chili]] sampai tahun 1998 dan juga bertindak sebagai [[Presiden Chili|Presiden]] [[Pemerintah Junta Chili (1973)|Pemerintahan Junta Chili]] antara tahun 1973 sampai 1981.<ref name="return"/><ref>[[Peter Kornbluh]] (11 September 2013). ''[[The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability]]''. [[The New Press]]. {{ISBN|1595589120}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=WHYRBAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PR9#v=onepage&q&f=false p. ix]</ref><ref>Monte Reel and J.Y. Smith (11 Desember 2006). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/10/AR2006121000302.html A Chilean Dictator's Dark Legacy]. ''[[The Washington Post]].'' diakses 20 Maret 2015.</ref>
Pinochet mengambil alih kekuasaan di Chili setelah melakukan [[kudeta Chili 1973|kudeta yang didukung Amerika Serikat pada 11 September 1973]] untuk menggulingkan dan mengakhiri [[Republik Presidensial (1925–73)|pemerintahan sipil]] Presiden [[Salvador Allende]] yang berasal dari aliansi politik berhaluan sosialis, [[Unidad Popular]] yang terpilih secara demokratis. Beberapa akademisi, termasuk [[Peter Winn]], [[Peter Kornbluh]] dan [[Tim Weiner]] menyatakan bahwa dukungan Amerika Serikat sangat penting terhadap kudeta tersebut dan konsolidasi kekuasaan sesudahnya.<ref name="Winn 2010">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Winn|first=Peter|authorlink=|editor-first=Greg & Gilbert|editor-last=Grandin & Joseph|editor-link=|encyclopedia=A Century of Revolution|title=Furies of the Andes|url=http://read.dukeupress.edu/content/a-century-of-revolution|accessdate=14 January 2014|year=2010|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham, NC|isbn=|doi=|pages=239–275|quote=}}</ref><ref>[[Peter Kornbluh]] (11 September 2013). ''[[The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability]]''. [[The New Press]]. {{ISBN|1595589120}}</ref><ref>Lubna Z. Qureshi. ''Nixon, Kissinger, and Allende: U.S. Involvement in the 1973 Coup in Chile.'' Lexington Books, 2009. {{ISBN|0739126563}}</ref> Pinochet dipromosikan menjadi Panglima Tertinggi Angkatan Darat oleh Allende pada 23 Agustus 1973, setelah sebelumnya menjadi Kepala Staf Umum sejak awal tahun 1972.<ref name="CBS"/> Pada bulan Desember 1974, [[junta militer]] yang berkuasa mengangkat Pinochet sebagai Pemimpin Tertinggi di negara tersebut melalui dekret bersama, meskipun tanpa dukungan dari salah satu penggerak kudeta, Jenderal Angkatan Udara [[Gustavo Leigh]].<ref>Cavallo, Ascanio et al. ''La Historia Oculta del Régimen Militar'', Grijalbo, Santiago, 1997.</ref> Setelah naik ke tampuk kekuasaannya, Pinochet menyiksa kaum kiri, sosialis, dan kritikus politik, yang mengakibatkan eksekusi terhadap sekitar 1200 hingga 3200 orang,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jan/15/pinochet.chile1|title=Chile under Pinochet – a chronology|newspaper=The Guardian|date=24 Maret 1999|accessdate=10 Maret 2010|location=London}}</ref> [[Daftar kamp konsentrasi dan interniran|menahan setidaknya 80.000 orang]] dan [[Pelanggaran hak asasi manusia oleh kediktatoran militer Chili|menyiksa puluhan ribu orang lainnya]].<ref>{{es icon}} [http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-chile-90 English translation] of the [[Rettig Report]]</ref><ref>[http://www.comisiontortura.cl/inicio/index.php 2004 Commission on Torture] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505023146/http://www.comisiontortura.cl/inicio/index.php|date=5 May 2006}} (dead link)</ref><ref name="latinamericanstudies.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/human-rights/false-reports.htm|title=Chile to sue over false reports of Pinochet-era missing|publisher=Latin American Studies|date=30 December 2008|accessdate=10 March 2010}}</ref> Menurut pemerintah Chili, jumlah orang yang dieksekusi dan [[penghilangan paksa|hilang secara paksa]] adalah 3095 orang.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/08/former-chilean-army-chief-juan-emilio-cheyre-charged-1973-activists-killing Former Chilean army chief charged over 1973 killing of activists]. ''The Guardian''. 8 Juli 2016.</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em|
refs=
<ref name="return">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IxoPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jYQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6782,3529255&dq=chile+return+to+democracy%20Deseret%20News:%20Bush%20praises%20revival%20of%20democracy%20in%20Chile%20%28Dec%206,%201990%29|title=Bush praises revival of Democracy in Chile|publisher=Google news|accessdate=21 September 2009}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60017525.html?dids=60017525:60017525&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+13%2C+1990&author=JAMES+F.+SMITH&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=80%2C000+Chileans+Cheer+Return+of+Democracy+in+%60Stadium+of+Pain%27&pqatl=google%20Los%20Angeles%20times:%2080,000%20Chileans%20Cheer%20Return%20of%20Democracy%20in%20%60Stadium%20of%20Pain%27%20%28March%201990%29|title=80,000 Chileans Cheer Return...|publisher=LA Times|accessdate=21 September 2009 | first=James F. | last=Smith | date=13 March 1990}}
</ref>}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacio/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/chile/augusto_pinochet_ugarte Extensive bio by Fundación CIDOB] {{es}}
* [http://pinochet-biography.excathedra.dk Augusto Pinochet (1915–2006) – A Biography]
* [http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/special-reports/20061211-dossier-pinochet-dies.html France 24 coverage] – Augusto Pinochet's Necrology on France 24
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/special_report/1998/10/98/the_pinochet_file/newsid_198000/198306.stm BBC coverage] (special report)
* [http://www.chacabuco.org/ Documentary Film on Chilean Concentration Camp from Pinochet's Regime: Chacabuco]
* [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20000919/index.html CIA Acknowledges Ties to Pinochet’s Repression] from The National Security Archive
* [http://www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/for/chile-73.html Chile under Allende and Pinochet]
* [http://www.memoriaviva.com/ Human rights violation under Pinochet]
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-2497858,00.html The Times obituary]
* [http://dollarsandsense.org/archives/2004/0904cypher.html Analysis of economic policy under Pinochet] by economist Jim Cypher in [[Dollars & Sense]] magazine
* [http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm?frm=5206&sec_id=5206 Chile: The Price of Democracy] ''New English Review''
* [http://www.hoover.org/research/what-pinochet-did-chile What Pinochet Did for Chile] ''Hoover Digest (2007 No. 1)''
* [http://www.democracynow.org/2010/9/15/another_9_11_anniversary_september_11 When US-Backed Pinochet Forces Took Power in Chile] – video report by ''[[Democracy Now!]]''
{{S-start
{{
{{
| title=[[Presiden
| before=[[Salvador Allende]]
| after=[[Patricio Aylwin]]
| years='''17 Desember 1974
{{S-mil}}
{{Succession box
| title=[[Angkatan Darat Chili|Panglima Tertinggi Angkatan Darat]]
|
| after=[[Ricardo Izurieta]]
| years='''23 Agustus 1973 – 11 Maret 1998'''}}
{{end}}
{{Presiden Chili}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pinochet, Augusto}}
[[Kategori:Presiden Chili]]
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