Fellow of the Royal Society: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Fellowship of the Royal Society''' ('''FRS''', '''ForMemRS''' dan '''HonFRS''') adalah sebuah penghargaan yang diberikan kepada individu yang dianggap telah membuat "kontribusi yang substansial untuk memajukan [[ilmu alam|ilmu pengetahuan alam]], termasuk juga dalam bidang [[matematika]], [[teknik fisika|ilmu teknik]] dan ilmu [[kedokteran]]".<ref name=elections>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906183433/https://royalsociety.org/fellows/elections/ |archivedate=2015-09-06|url=https://royalsociety.org/fellows/elections/ |publisher=Royal Society|location=London|title=Royal Society Elections|author=Anon|year=2015}}</ref> Penghargaan ini diberikan oleh [[Royal Society]] yang berbasis di Britania Raya.
Fellowship of the Royal Society adalah sebuah bentuk penghormatan terbesar kepada banyak ilmuwan terkemuka sepanjang sejarah, karena penghargan ini telah diberikan kepada di antaranya termasuk [[Isaac Newton]] (1672),<ref name=allfrs/> [[Charles Darwin]] (1839),<ref name=allfrs/> [[Michael Faraday]] (1824),<ref name=allfrs>{{cite web|author=Anon|year=2015|title=Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660-2015 |url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM/pubhtml |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |location=London |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6a2i9QICV?url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RVVZY00MZNrK2YCTTzVrbTFH2t3RxoAZah128gQR-NM/pubhtml |archivedate=2015-07-15 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> [[Ernest Rutherford]] (1903),<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Eve | first1 = A. S. | last2 = Chadwick | first2 = J. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1938.0025 | title = Lord Rutherford 1871–1937 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | pages = 394–423 | year = 1938 }}</ref> [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] (1918),<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Neville |first=Eric Harold |authorlink=Eric Harold Neville |year=1921 |title=The Late Srinivasa Ramanujan |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=106 |issue=2673 |pages=661–662 |doi=10.1038/106661b0 |bibcode=1921Natur.106..661N }}</ref> [[Albert Einstein]] (1921),<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | year =1955| jstor = 769242}}</ref> [[Winston Churchill]] (1941), [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] (1944),<ref name=subra>{{Cite journal | last1 = Tayler | first1 = Roger J. | authorlink = Roger Tayler| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006 | title = Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. 19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 42 | pages = 80–94| year = 1996 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> [[Dorothy Hodgkin]] (1947),<ref name=dorothyfrs>{{cite journal|last1=Dodson|first1=Guy|authorlink1=Guy Dodson|title=Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, O.M. 12 May 1910 - 29 July 1994|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=48|issue=0|year=2002|pages=179–219|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2002.0011}}</ref> [[Alan Turing]] (1951)<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Newman | first1 = M. H. A. | authorlink = Max Newman| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019 | title = Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 253–263| year = 1955 | jstor = 769256}}</ref> dan [[Francis Crick]] (1959).<ref name=crickrsbm>{{cite journal|last1=Bretscher|first1=Mark S.|authorlink1=Mark Bretscher|last2=Mitchison|first2=Graeme|title=Francis Harry Compton Crick OM. 8 June 1916 — 28 July 2004|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|year=2017|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2017.0010|page=rsbm20170010}}</ref><ref name=Obituary>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rich | first1 = Alexander | authorlink1 = Alexander Rich| last2 = Stevens | first2 = Charles F. | authorlink2 = Charles F. Stevens| doi = 10.1038/430845a | title = Obituary: Francis Crick (1916–2004) | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 430 | issue = 7002 | pages = 845–847 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15318208 |bibcode = 2004Natur.430..845R }}</ref> Baru-baru ini, Fellowship of the Royal Society telah diberikan kepada [[Stephen Hawking]]
Menurut koran ''[[The Guardian]]'', Fellowship of the Royal Society dideskripsikan sebagai penghargaan yang "setara dengan penghargaan prestasi seumur hidup (''lifetime achievement'') [[Oscar]]"<ref name=oscar>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913043653/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/29/science.research|archivedate=2015-09-13|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/29/science.research|location=London|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|first=Colin|last= Blackstock|year=2004|title=Fellows keep Susan Greenfield off Royal Society list}}</ref> beberapa lembaga merayakan pengumuman penerima penghargaan ini setiap tahun.<ref name=icr>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525213345/http://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/eminent-cancer-researchers-elected-to-royal-society-fellowship|archivedate=2016-05-25|url=http://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/eminent-cancer-researchers-elected-to-royal-society-fellowship|title=Eminent cancer researchers elected to Royal Society Fellowship|publisher=[[Institute of Cancer Research]]|author=Anon|year=2016|location=London}}</ref><ref name=crickinstitute>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525213615/https://www.crick.ac.uk/news/news-archive/2016/04/29/royal-society-fellowship-for-crick-scientist/|archivedate=2016-05-25|url=https://www.crick.ac.uk/news/news-archive/2016/04/29/royal-society-fellowship-for-crick-scientist/|title=Royal Society Fellowship for Crick scientist|publisher=[[Francis Crick Institute]]|location=London|author=Anon|year=2016}}</ref><ref name=manchester>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507084045/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/manchester-scientists-elected-as-fellows-of-royal-society/|archivedate=2016-05-07|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/manchester-scientists-elected-as-fellows-of-royal-society/|title=Manchester scientists elected as Fellows of Royal Society|location=Manchester|publisher=[[Universitas Manchester]]|author=Anon|year=2016|website=Manchester.ac.uk}}</ref><ref name=imperial>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415043849/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/our-people/award-winners/royal-society-fellows/|archivedate=2016-04-15|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/about/introducing-imperial/our-people/award-winners/royal-society-fellows/|publisher=[[Imperial College London]]|title=Royal Society Fellows at Imperial College|location=London|author=Anon|year=2016}}</ref><ref name=aberdeen>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525214137/https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/9127/|archivedate=2016-05-25|url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/9127/|publisher=[[Universitas Aberdeen]]|title=Three University of Aberdeen researchers elected to Royal Society|location=Aberdeen|author=Anon|year=2016}}</ref><ref name=cam>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424062813/http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/the-royal-society-announces-election-of-new-fellows-2015|archivedate=2016-04-24|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/the-royal-society-announces-election-of-new-fellows-2015|publisher=[[University of Cambridge]]|location=Cambridge|title=Five Cambridge University academics join the Royal Society|author=Anon|year=2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430105753/http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2016-04-29-seven-oxford-academics-elected-fellows-royal-society|archivedate=2016-04-30|url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2016-04-29-seven-oxford-academics-elected-fellows-royal-society|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]|location=Oxford|title=Seven Oxford academics elected Fellows of the Royal Society|author=Anon|year=2016}}</ref>
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