Kesejarahan Yesus: Perbedaan antara revisi

Ada banyak perdebatan di kalangan sarjana mengenai detail kehidupan Yesus yang dicatat dalam kitab-kitab Injil, dan mengenai makna pengajaran-Nya,<ref name=MAPowell168 /> sehingga hanya dua peristiwa yang mendapatkan "persetujuan hampir universal" adalah [[Pembaptisan Yesus|Yesus dibaptis]] oleh [[Yohanes Pembaptis]] dan [[Penyaliban Yesus|disalibkan]] atas perintah [[Prefek]] Romawi, [[Pontius Pilatus>]].<ref name=Hertzog1>William A. Herzog. ''Prophet and Teacher: An Introduction to the Historical Jesus'' (4 Jul 2005) {{ISBN|0664225284}} pp. 1–6</ref><ref name="MAPowell168" /><ref name=JDunn339>''Jesus Remembered'' by James D. G. Dunn 2003 {{ISBN|0-8028-3931-2}} p. 339 states of baptism and crucifixion that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent".</ref><ref name="autogenerated145" >{{cite book |author=Crossan, John Dominic |title=Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography |isbn=0-06-061662-8 |year=1995 |publisher=HarperOne |quote=That he was crucified is as sure as anything historical can ever be, since both Josephus and Tacitus&nbsp;... agree with the Christian accounts on at least that basic fact. |page=145}}</ref>

[[File:Bronzino-Christ-Nice.jpg|thumb|Penggambaran [[Bronzino]] mengenai [[Penyaliban Yesus]] dengan tiga paku, tanpa tali, dan suatu penunjang berdiri ''hypopodium'', {{circa|1545}}]]

While there is widespread scholarly agreement on the existence of Jesus,<ref name=Ehrman285/><ref name="Grantmajority"/> and a basic consensus on the general outline of his life,<ref name=AmyJill4 /> the portraits of Jesus constructed in the quests have often differed from each other, and from the image portrayed in the gospel accounts.<ref name=GerdD5/><ref name=Charlesworth2/> There are overlapping attributes among the portraits, and while pairs of scholars may agree on some attributes, those same scholars may differ on other attributes, and there is no single portrait of the historical Jesus that satisfies most scholars.<ref name=Cradel124/><ref name=familiar20/><ref>[[Amy-Jill Levine]] in ''The Historical Jesus in Context'' edited by Amy-Jill Levine et al. 2006 Princeton University Press {{ISBN|978-0-691-00992-6}} p. 1: "no single picture of Jesus has convinced all, or even most scholars"</ref>-->

NearlyHampir allsemua sarjana modern scholarsahli ofsejarah antiquitykuno agreesetuju thatbahwa JesusYesus existedpernah andhidup mostdan kebanyakan [[:en:biblical scholar|sarjana Alkitab]]s anddan [[:en:Classical antiquity|classicalsejarawan historiansKlasik]] seemelihat theteori theoriesyang ofmenyangkal hiskeberadaannya non-existencesecara asefektif effectivelytelah refuteddibantah.<ref name=Ehrman285/><ref name="Grantmajority"/><ref name=Burridge34/>{{refn|group=nb|[[Robert E. Van Voorst]], referring to G.A. Wells: "The nonhistoricity thesis has always been controversial, and it has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines and religious creeds... Biblical scholars and classical historians now regard it as effectively refuted".<ref name=voorst16>{{cite book|author=Robert E. Van Voorst|title=Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwzliMSRGGkC|year=2000|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-4368-5}}</ref>}}<ref name=DunnPaul35>[[James D. G. Dunn]] (1974) ''Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus'' in ''Reconciliation and Hope. New Testament Essays on Atonement and Eschatology Presented to L.L. Morris on his 60th Birthday.'' Robert Banks, ed., Carlisle: The Paternoster Press, pp. 125–141, Citing G.A. Wells (''The Jesus of the Early Christians'' (1971)): "Perhaps we should also mention that at the other end of the spectrum Paul’s apparent lack of knowledge of the historical Jesus has been made the major plank in an attempt to revive the nevertheless thoroughly dead thesis that the Jesus of the Gospels was a mythical figure." An almost identical quotation is included in Dunn, James DG (1998) ''The Christ and the Spirit: Collected Essays of James D.G. Dunn, Volume 1'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., p. 191, and Sykes, S. (1991) ''Sacrifice and redemption: Durham essays in theology.'' Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. pp. 35–36.</ref> ThereTidak isada nobukti evidencesaat todayini thatbahwa thekeberadaan existenceYesus ofpernah Jesusdisangkal waspada evermasa deniedkuno inoleh antiquitymereka byyang thosemenentang who opposed ChristianityKekristenan.<ref name=Rahner730>''Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi'' by Karl Rahner 2004 {{ISBN|0-86012-006-6}} pp. 730–731: "The few non-Christian sources [e.g. Tacitus, Suetonius, Pliny the Younger, and Josephus] merely confirm that in antiquity it never occurred to any one, even the bitterest enemies of Christianity, to doubt the existence of Jesus"</ref><ref name=voorst15 >Van Voorst, Robert E (2000). ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence''. Eerdmans Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8028-4368-9}} p. 15: Referring to G.A. Wells (''The Jesus of the Early Christians'' (1971)): "Fourth, Wells cannot explain to the satisfaction of historians why, if Christians invented the historical Jesus around the year 100, no pagans and Jews who opposed Christianity denied Jesus' historicity or even questioned it." (Van Voorst refutes his own point in footnote 35, citing Justin's [[Dialogue with Trypho]], Chapter 8)</ref><!-- [[Geoffrey Blainey]] notes that "a few scholars argue that Jesus... did not even exist," and that they "rightly point out that contemporary references to him were extremely rare."<ref>Geoffrey Blainey; ''[[A Short History of Christianity]]''; Viking; 2011; pp. xix–xx</ref> [[Bart Ehrman]] states "Jesus is not mentioned in any Roman sources of his day",<ref name="EhrmanHuffPo">{{cite web|last1=Ehrman|first1=Bart D.|title=Did Jesus Exist?|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bart-d-ehrman/did-jesus-exist_b_1349544.html|website=Huffpost Religion|publisher=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> but explains that this is not at all surprising, since the vast majority of historical figures from antiquity are not mentioned in contemporary sources,<ref name="EhrmanHuffPo"/> and further states that the sources written after Jesus's death provide ample evidence to support his existence as a person.<ref name="EhrmanHuffPo"/> [[Richard Carrier]] and Raphael Lataster assert that there is no independent evidence of Jesus’s existence outside the New Testament.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lataster|first=Raphael|authorlink=Raphael Lataster|title=Jesus Did Not Exist: A Debate Among Atheists|date=2015|isbn=1514814420|page=418|chapter=Afterword by Richard Carrier|quote=[T]here is no independent evidence of Jesus’s existence outside the New Testament. All external evidence for his existence, even if it were fully authentic (though much of it isn’t), cannot be shown to be independent of the Gospels, or Christian informants relying on the Gospels. None of it can be shown to independently corroborate the Gospels as to the historicity of Jesus. Not one single item of evidence. Regardless of why no independent evidence survives (it does not matter the reason), no such evidence survives.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lataster|first1=Raphael|title=Weighing up the evidence for the ‘Historical Jesus’|url=http://theconversation.com/weighing-up-the-evidence-for-the-historical-jesus-35319|website=The Conversation|publisher=[[The Conversation (website)]]|date=December 14, 2014|quote=There are no existing eyewitness or contemporary accounts of Jesus. All we have are later descriptions of Jesus’ life events by non-eyewitnesses, most of whom are obviously biased.}}</ref>