Politik sayap kanan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
Dalam [[politik]], '''sayap kanan''' atau '''Kelompok Kanan''' adalah istilah yang mengacu kepada segmen [[spektrum politik]] yang biasanya dihubungkan dengan [[konservatisme]], [[liberalisme klasik]], kelompok [[kanan agama]], atau
Istilah ini aslinya berasal dari pengaturan tempat duduk dewan legislatif pada masa [[Revolusi Prancis]], ketika kaum [[monarkhisme|monarkhis]] yang mendukung [[Ancien Régime]] biasanya disebut sebagai '''kaum kanan''' karena mereka duduk di sebelah kanan di ruangan dewan legistlatif.
Karena acuan ini kini telah usang, makna istilahnya pun telah berubah sesuai dengan spektrum gagsan dan sikap yang diperbandingkan, dan sudut pandang si pembicara. Belakangan ini, istilah ini hampir selalu mencakup suatu bentuk konservatisme, dan di Barat termasuk kelompok demokrat Kristen.
== Sejarah ==
Sejak Revolusi Prancis, penggunaan istilah politik "kiri" dan "kanan" telah berubah melintasi batas-batas linguistik, masyarakat, dan nasional, kadang-kadang maknanya malah berbeda di suatu masa dan tempat tertentu dibandingkan dengan masa dan tempat yang lainnya. Misalnya, [[pada tahun 2004]], pemerintah [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] mengklaim dirinya tetap di "kiri", meskipun negara itu telah mengalami evolusi yang membawanya lebih dekat dengan apa yang di tempat lain dicirikan sebagai "kanan", mendukung tradisi budaya nasional, mementingkan kekayaan, dan industri yang dimiliki secara pribadi. Demikian pula, almarhum diktator [[Spanyol]], [[Francisco Franco]], yang secara internasional merupakan sekutu kuat dengan kelompok kanan dan yang secara brutal menindas kaum kiri Spanyol, pada kenyataannya melakukan sejumlah kebijakan pembangunan yang agak mirip dengan apa yang dilakukan di [[Uni Soviet]] dan [[negara komunis]] lainnya, yang hampir secara universal dianggap "kiri". Demikian pula, sementara "kanan" mulanya mengacu kepada mereka yang mendukung kepentingan [[kaum bangsawan]], di banyak negara sekarang (khususnya di [[Amerika Serikat]]), pembedaan kiri-kanan tidak terkait erat dengan kekayaan atau garis leluhur.
Fasisme biasanya dianggap sayap kanan, meskipun sebagian ahli membantah klasifikasi itu. Yang lainnya berpendapat bahwa ada unsur-unsur ideologi kiri maupun kanan dalam filsafat yang mendasari perkembangan Fasisme.
Some consider the political Right to include those forms of [[liberalism]] that emphasize the [[free market]] more than [[egalitarianism]] in wealth, but many free-market advocates, including most [[libertarians]] conceive of an additional spectrum (libertarianism-totalitarianism) upon which they place themselves which intersects the [[left-right politics|left-right]] [[political spectrum]] and places them 90 degrees away from traditional left and right, much as many anarchists (including "libertarian socialists") avoid placing themselves on the spectrum.▼
''See [[political spectrum]] and [[Left-Right politics|left-right politics]] for further discussion of this kind of classification.''▼
<!--Sebagian orang menganggap kelompok Kanan juga mencakup bentuk-bentuk [[liberalisme]] yang menekankan [[pasar bebas]] lebih daripada [[egalitarianisme]] dalam kekayaan, namun banyak penganjur pasar bebas, termasuk kebanyakan [[libertarian]] mencakup spektrum [[libertarianisme-totalitarianisme]], yang berpotongan dengan [[spektrum politik]] kiri-kanan dan menempatkan mereka
The dominant modern strand of right wing thought is concerned with traditional values (often [[Christian values|Christian]] in nature) and preservation of individual and corporate rights through constraints on government power. In a hard-line form the second and third of these priorities are associated with [[libertarianism]], but some on the right reject the most ardent assumptions of libertarianism, especially outside of the [[United States]], and a small minority of libertarians do not consider themselves to be right wing.▼
▲
A more obscure strand of right wing thought, often associated with the original right wing from the times of [[monarchy]], supports the preservation of wealth and power in the hands that have traditionally held them, social stability, and national solidarity and ambition.▼
▲''See [[political spectrum]] and [[Left-Right politics|left-right politics]] for further discussion of this kind of classification.''-->
Both of the above strands of right wing thought come in many forms, and individuals who support some of the objectives of one of the above stands will not necessarily support all of the others. At the level of practical political policy, there are endless variations in the means that right wing thinkers advocate to achieve their basic aims, and they sometimes argue with each other as much as with the left.▼
== Isu-isu sayap kanan ==
The values and policy concerns of the right vary in different countries and eras. Also, individual right wing politicians and thinkers often have idiosyncratic priorities. It is not always possible or helpful to try to work out which of two sets of beliefs or policies is more right-wing (see [[political spectrum]]).▼
Pada abad ke-20, di luar [[Amerika Serikat]], di mana [[kapitalisme]] selalu didukung oleh banyak politikus dan intelektual, ciri paling menonjol yang membedakan kiri dan kanan adalah kebijakan ekonomi. Pihak kanan menganjurkan [[kapitalisme]], sementara kiri menganjurkan [[sosialisme]] (seringkali sosialisme demokrat) atau [[komunisme]]. Pembedaan ini telah berubah sejak runtuhnya [[Blok Soviet]], sementara para politikus arus utama kini menerima kapitalisme terbatas, namun dalam bentuk sosialis di mana pemerintah menugasi redistribusi kekayaan yang signifikan.
▲<!--The dominant modern strand of right wing thought is concerned with traditional values (often [[Christian values|Christian]] in nature) and preservation of individual and corporate rights through constraints on government power. In a hard-line form the second and third of these priorities are associated with [[libertarianism]], but some on the right reject the most ardent assumptions of libertarianism, especially outside of the [[United States]], and a small minority of libertarians do not consider themselves to be right wing.
▲A more obscure strand of right wing thought, often associated with the original right wing from the times of [[monarchy]], supports the preservation of wealth and power in the hands that have traditionally held them, social stability, and national solidarity and ambition.
▲Both of the above strands of right wing thought come in many forms, and individuals who support some of the objectives of one of the above stands will not necessarily support all of the others. At the level of practical political policy, there are endless variations in the means that right wing thinkers advocate to achieve their basic aims, and they sometimes argue with each other as much as with the left.
▲The values and policy concerns of the right vary in different countries and eras. Also, individual right wing politicians and thinkers often have idiosyncratic priorities. It is not always possible or helpful to try to work out which of two sets of beliefs or policies is more right-wing (see [[political spectrum]]).-->
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*[[Alain de Benoist]]
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*[[Politik kiri-kanan dan Perang terhadap Terorisme]]
*[[Politik kiri-kanan]] membahas rentangan makna berbagai penulis ketika mereka menggunakan istilah "kiri" dan "kanan" dalam konteks politik.
*[[
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*[[Nouvelle Droite]]
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*[[Partai politik kanan]]
*[[Spektrum politik]] membahas pandangan penulis tentang manfaat (atau kerugian) dari dikotomi Kiri/Kanan dan spektrum alternatif.
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*[[
*[[Otoritarianisme sayap kanan]]
== Pranala luar ==
*[http://www.politicalcompass.org/ The Political Compass],
*[http://FreedomKeys.com/nolancharts.htm The Nolan Charts],
*[http://www.publiceye.org/research/chart_of_sectors.html publiceye.org] -
*[http://www.larebil.com larebil.com] -
*[http://www.whitehouse.gov/vicepresident
*[http://www.la-articles.org.uk/pc.htm The Political Compass and Why Libertarianism is Not Right Wing] by J. C. Lester
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