Masalah Monty Hall: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Sumber kerancuan lainnya terdapat pada susunan kata-kata dari penyataan masalah yang menanyakan [[probabilitas bersyarat]] kemenangan dengan memberitahukan pintu mana yang pembawa acara buka ketimbang probabilitas keseluruhan atau probabilitas takbersyarat. Kedua hal ini adalah pertanyaan yang berbeda secara matematika dan memiliki jawaban yang berbeda bergantung pada bagaimana pembawa acara memilih pintu yang dia buka apabila pilihan awal pemain adalah mobil ([[#refMorganetal1991|Morgan dkk., 1991]]; [[#refGillman1992|Gillman 1992]]). Sebagai contoh, jika pembawa acara sebisa mungkin berusaha membuka Pintu 3, maka probabilitas kemenangan pemain yang pada awalnya memilih Pintu 1 dan kemudian mengalihkan pilihan adalah 2/3, namun probabilitas ini akan menjadi 1/2 apabila pembawa acara telah membuka Pintu 3. Oleh karena itu, bentuk kalimat pernyataan yang tidak menjelaskan secara detail tingkah laku pembawa acara menjadikan jawaban probabilitas 2/3 tidak dibenarkan secara matematika. Kebanyakan penyelesaian yang diberikan mengalamatkan probabilitas takbersyarat dan menghiraukan pintu mana yang pembawa acara buka; Morgan dkk. menjulukinya sebagai "penyelesaian salah" (false solutions) ([[#refMorganetal1991|1991]]).
== Referensi ==
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*<cite id=refAdams1990>[[Cecil Adams|Adams, Cecil]] (1990).[http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a3_189.html "On 'Let's Make a Deal,' you pick Door #1. Monty opens Door #2—no prize. Do you stay with Door #1 or switch to #3?",] ''The Straight Dope'', ([[November 2]] [[1990]]). Retrieved [[July 25]], [[2005]].</cite>
*<cite id=refBapeswaraRao1992>Bapeswara Rao, V. V. and Rao, M. Bhaskara (1992). "A three-door game show and some of its variants". ''The Mathematical Scientist'' '''17'''(2): 89–94.</cite>
*<cite id=refBarbeau2000>Barbeau, Edward (2000). ''Mathematical Fallacies, Flaws and Flimflam''. The Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 0-8838-5529-1.</cite>
*<cite id=refBloch2008>{{cite web
|url=http://www.andybloch.com/gl/pub/article.php?story=2008031308241327
|title=21 - The Movie (my review)
|first=Andy
|last=Bloch
|authorlink=Andy Bloch
|date=2008
|accessdate=2008-05-05}}</cite>
*<cite id=refDArianoetal2002>D'Ariano, G.M et al. (2002). [http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/quant-ph/0202120 "The Quantum Monty Hall Problem"] (PDF). Los Alamos National Laboratory, ([[February 21]], [[2002]]). Retrieved [[January 15]], [[2007]].</cite>
*<cite id=refDevlin2003>{{cite web
|url=http://www.maa.org/devlin/devlin_07_03.html
|title=Devlin's Angle: Monty Hall
|publisher=The Mathematical Association of America
|first=Keith
|last=Devlin
|authorlink=Keith Devlin
|date=July – August 2003
|accessdate=2008-04-25}}</cite>
*<cite id=refFalk1992>Falk, Ruma (1992). "A closer look at the probabilities of the notorius three prisoners," ''Cognition'' '''43''': 197–223.</cite>
*<cite id=refFlitney2002>Flitney, Adrian P. and [[Derek Abbott|Abbott, Derek]] (2002). "Quantum version of the Monty Hall problem," ''Physical Review A'', '''65''', Art. No. 062318, 2002.</cite>
*<cite id=refFoxandLevav2004>Fox, Craig R. and Levav, Jonathan (2004). "Partition-Edit-Count: Naive Extensional Reasoning in Judgment of Conditional Probability," ''Journal of Experimental Psychology: General'' '''133'''(4): 626-642.</cite>
*<cite id=refGardner1959>[[Martin Gardner|Gardner, Martin]] (1959). "Mathematical Games" column, ''Scientific American'', October 1959, pp. 180–182. Reprinted in ''The Second Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions''.</cite>
*<cite id=refGardner2001>{{cite book | author =Gardner, Martin | title = A Gardner's Workout: Training the Mind and Entertaining the Spirit | publisher = A K Peters, Ltd. | year=2001 | id= ISBN 1-5688-1120-9}}</cite>
*<cite id=refGill2002>[[Jeff Gill|Gill, Jeff]] (2002). ''Bayesian Methods'', pp. 8–10. CRC Press. ISBN 1-5848-8288-3.</cite>
*<cite id=refGillman1992>[[Leonard Gillman|Gillman, Leonard]] (1992). "The Car and the Goats," ''American Mathematical Monthly'' '''99''': 3–7.</cite>
*<cite id=refGranberg1996>Granberg, Donald (1996). "To Switch or Not to Switch". Appendix to vos Savant, Marilyn, ''The Power of Logical Thinking''. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-612-30463-3.</cite>
*<cite id=refGranbergandBrown1995>Granberg, Donald and Brown, Thad A. (1999). "The Monty Hall Dilemma," ''Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin'' '''21'''(7): 711-729.</cite>
*<cite id=refGrinsteadandSnell2006>{{cite book | author=Grinstead, Charles M. and Snell, J. Laurie | title = Grinstead and Snell’s Introduction to Probability | url=http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~prob/prob/prob.pdf | accessdate=2008-04-02 | date=[[2006-07-04]] | format=PDF | others=Online version of ''Introduction to Probability, 2nd edition'', published by the American Mathematical Society, Copyright (C) 2003 Charles M. Grinstead and J. Laurie Snell.}}</cite>
*<cite id=refHall1975>[[Monty Hall|Hall, Monty]] (1975). [http://www.letsmakeadeal.com/problem.htm The Monty Hall Problem.] LetsMakeADeal.com. Includes May 12, 1975 letter to Steve Selvin. Retrieved [[January 15]], [[2007]].</cite>
*<cite id=refKraussandWang2003>Krauss, Stefan and Wang, X. T. (2003). "The Psychology of the Monty Hall Problem: Discovering Psychological Mechanisms for Solving a Tenacious Brain Teaser," ''Journal of Experimental Psychology: General'' '''132'''(1). Retrieved from http://www.usd.edu/~xtwang/Papers/MontyHallPaper.pdf [[March 30]], [[2008]].</cite>
*<cite id=refMagliozziandMagliozzi1998>{{cite book | author=Magliozzi, Tom; Magliozzi, Ray | authorlink=Tom Magliozzi | title = Haircut in Horse Town: & Other Great Car Talk Puzzlers | publisher = Diane Pub Co. | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-7567-6423-8}}</cite>
*<cite id=refMartin1989>Martin, Phillip (1989). "The Monty Hall Trap", ''Bridge Today'', May–June 1989. Reprinted in Granovetter, Pamela and Matthew, ed. (1993), ''For Experts Only'', Granovetter Books.</cite>
*<cite id=refMorganetal1991>Morgan, J. P., Chaganty, N. R., Dahiya, R. C., & Doviak, M. J. (1991). [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1305(199111)45%3A4%3C284%3ALMADTP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 "Let's make a deal: The player's dilemma,"] ''American Statistician'' '''45''': 284-287.</cite>
*<cite id=refMueserandGranberg1999>Mueser, Peter R. and Granberg, Donald (May 1999). [http://econwpa.wustl.edu:80/eps/exp/papers/9906/9906001.html "The Monty Hall Dilemma Revisited: Understanding the Interaction of Problem Definition and Decision Making",] University of Missouri Working Paper 99-06. Retrieved [[July 5]], [[2005]].</cite>
*<cite id=refSelvin1975a>Selvin, Steve (1975a). "A problem in probability" (letter to the editor). ''American Statistician'' '''29'''(1): 67 (February 1975).</cite>
*<cite id=refSelvin1975b>Selvin, Steve (1975b). "On the Monty Hall problem" (letter to the editor). ''American Statistician'' '''29'''(3): 134 (August 1975).</cite>
*<cite id=refStibeletal2008>[[Jeff Stibel|Stibel, Jeffrey]], Dror, Itiel, & Ben-Zeev, Talia (2008). "The Collapsing Choice Theory: Dissociating Choice and Judgment in Decision Making," ''Theory and Decision''. Published online at http://www.springerlink.com/content/v65v2841q3820622/.</cite>
*<cite id=refTierney1991>[[John Tierney (journalist)|Tierney, John]] (1991). "[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFDD1E3FF932A15754C0A967958260 Behind Monty Hall's Doors: Puzzle, Debate and Answer?]", ''The New York Times'', [[1991-07-21]]. Retrieved on [[2008-01-18]].</cite>
*<cite id=refTierney2008>Tierney, John (2008). "[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/08/science/08tier.html And Behind Door No. 1, a Fatal Flaw]", ''The New York Times'', [[2008-04-08]]. Retrieved on [[2008-04-08]].</cite>
*<cite id=refvosSavant1990>[[Marilyn vos Savant|vos Savant, Marilyn]] (1990). "Ask Marilyn" column, ''Parade Magazine'' p. 16 ([[9 September]] [[1990]]).</cite>
*<cite id=refvosSavant1996>{{cite book | author =vos Savant, Marilyn | title = The Power of Logical Thinking | publisher = St. Martin's Press | year=1996 | id= ISBN 0-612-30463-3}}</cite>
*<cite id=refvosSavant2006>vos Savant, Marilyn (2006). "Ask Marilyn" column, ''Parade Magazine'' p. 6 ([[26 November]] [[2006]]).</cite>
*<cite id=refWilliams2004>{{cite web
|url=http://www.nd.edu/~rwilliam/stats1/appendices/xappxd.pdf
|title=Appendix D: The Monty Hall Controversy
|first=Richard
|last=Williams
|date=2004
|format=PDF
|work=Course notes for Sociology Graduate Statistics I
|accessdate=2008-04-25}}</cite>
*<cite id=refWhitaker1990>Whitaker, Craig F. (1990). [Letter]. "Ask Marilyn" column, ''Parade Magazine'' p. 16 ([[9 September]] [[1990]]).</cite>
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