Cartouche: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dalam [[hieroglif Mesir]], '''cartouche''' merupakan  sebuah garis horizontal di salah satu ujungnya, menunjukkan bahwa teks yang dilampirkan adalah nama [[firaun]].<ref><span>[[Berkas:Wikisource-logo.svg|pra=|13x13px]]</span></ref> Mereka mulai digunakan secara umum pada awal [[Dinasti keempat Mesir|Dinasti Keempat]] di bawah Firaun [[Sneferu]], namun contoh-contoh sebelumnya sampai pada pertengahan [[Dinasti kedua Mesir|Dinasti Kedua]] di Silinder Segel Seth-Peribsen.<ref>Milano, Civiche Raccolte Archeologiche e Numismatiche inventory item RAN 997.02.01</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/hesyra/pribsn.htm|title=Seth (Ash) PERIBSEN / Nswt-bity PERIBSEN|access-date=2017-05-05}}</ref> Sementara cartouche biasanya vertikal dengan garis horizontal, jika membuat nama lebih pas maka bisa horizontal, dengan garis vertikal di ujungnya (ke arah membaca). Kata [[Bahasa Mesir|Mesir Kuno]] untuk itu ''adalah shenu'', dan pada dasarnya cincin shen diperluas. Dalam [[Bahasa Mesir Demotik|Demotik]], cartouche dikurangi menjadi sepasang tanda kurung dan garis vertikal.

Pada saat [[jimat]] diberi bentuk cartouche yang menampilkan nama seorang raja dan ditempatkan di makam. Benda-benda semacam itu seringkali penting bagi para arkeolog untuk memberi tanggal makam dan isinya.<ref>cf. [//en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Thomas_Eric_Peet Thomas Eric Peet], William Leonard Stevenson Loat, ''The Cemeteries of Abydos. Part 3. 1912–1913'', Adamant Media Corporation, {{ISBN|1-4021-5715-0}}, p.23</ref> Cartouche sebelumnya hanya dipakai oleh Firaun. Oval yang mengelilingi nama mereka dimaksudkan untuk melindungi mereka dari roh-roh jahat dalam kehidupan dan setelah kematian. Cartouche telah menjadi simbol yang mewakili keberuntungan dan perlindungan dari kejahatan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dcsd.org/district.cfm?subpage=541292|title=2. Ancient Egyptian Cartouche|publisher=Dcsd.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721060756/http://www.dcsd.org/district.cfm?subpage=541292|archive-date=2011-07-21|dead-url=yes|access-date=2013-08-22}}</ref> Orang-orang Mesir percaya bahwa seseorang yang memiliki nama mereka tercatat di suatu tempat tidak akan hilang setelah kematian. Cartouche yang melekat pada peti mati memenuhi persyaratan ini.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://egypt.mrdonn.org/cartouche.html|title=Cartouche - Ancient Egypt for Kids|publisher=Egypt.mrdonn.org|access-date=2013-08-22}}</ref> Ada periode dalam sejarah Mesir ketika orang-orang menahan diri untuk tidak menuliskan jimat ini dengan nama karena takut mereka jatuh ke tangan seseorang, memberikan kekuasaan atas pembawa nama.<ref>Alfred Wiedemann, ''Religion of the Ancient Egyptians'', Adamant Media Corporation 2001, {{ISBN|1-4021-9366-1}}, pp.293-295</ref>{{Hiero|Cartouche|<hiero>V10</hiero>|era=egypt|align=right}}Istilah ''cartouche'' pertama kali diterapkan oleh tentara Perancis yang membayangkan bahwa simbol yang mereka lihat begitu sering diulang di reruntuhan firaun yang mereka temui menyerupai moncong kartrid bubuk kertas  senjata api ({{Lang|fr|''cartouche''}} dalam [[bahasa Perancis]]).<ref>White, Jon Manchip, ''Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt'', Courier Dover 2002, p.175</ref>

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