|
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->|cartridge=40×304 mm. R|caliber={{convert|40|mm|abbr=on|3}}|rate=22 peluru per menit|velocity=792 m/s (2,600 ft/s) dengan peluru AP|range={{convert|914|m|yd|abbr=on}}|max_range=1000 m (1093.6 yd)<ref name=MF/>|feed=[[Breech-loading weapon|Pengisian breech]]|sights=No.24b
<!-- Artillery specifications -->|breech=Semi-automatic [[Rifled breech loader#The sliding block|vertical sliding-block]]|recoil=[[Hydrospring]]|carriage=Platform kaki tiga|elevation=-13° hingga +15°|traverse=360°|is_ranged=yes|is_artillery=yes|is_UK=yes
<!-- Service history -->}}Meriam '''Ordnance QF 2-pounder''' (QF adalah "quick firing" atau "tembak cepat"), atau "meriam 2 pounder", adalah meriam anti-tank dan kendaraan Inggris semasa Perang Dunia II.
Meriam ini digunakan pada Pertempuran Perancis, dan selama Kampanye Afrika Utara. Dalam varian khusus kendaraan, 2-pounder juga umumnya menjadi senjata utama tank Inggris dan mobil lapis baja, seperti Daimler. Karena proteksi baja tank Poros semakin tebal, meriam ini kehilangan keefektifitasannya, dan berangsur-angsur digantikan oleh 6-pounder pada 1942.
== Sejarah ==
Meriam ini dikembangkan sebagai meriam anti-tank dan meriam tank sekaligus. Dengan alasan ekonomi dan standarisasi, meriam ini diterima sebagai 2-pdr Mark IX pada Oktober 1935. Kereta pembawanya dirancang oleh Vickers dan Departemen Desain di Woolwich Arsenal.{{Sfn|Henry|2004}}
[[Berkas:The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H9102.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Kereta pembawa Mark I, April 1941]]
Vickers adalah perusahaan pertama yang mengumpulkan desain, yang diterima sebagai ''Ordnance QF 2-pounder Mark IX on Carriage Mark I''. Sejumlah kecil dibuat pada 1936. Kereta pembawanya memiliki konstruksi kaki tiga yang inovatif. Dalam posisi pemindahan, satu kaki digunakan untuk menarik meriam, dan dua kaki lainnya dilipat. Ketika meriam diposisikan untuk pertempuran, semua kaki diturunkan dan rodanya dinaikkan. Woolwich Arsenal terus melanjutkan pengembangan kereta pembawanya dan saat diperiksa ulang, nampak lebih baik dari desain Vickers, dan dengan kereta pembawa ini meriam 2-pdr diadopsi sebagai ''Ordnance QF 2-pounder Mark IX on Carriage Mark II''. Dalam konsep keduanya mirip, hanya saja ketika meriam diposisikan untuk pertempuran kedua ban harus dilepas. Kereta pembawa ini juga diproduksi oleh Vickers.{{Sfn|Henry|2004}}
Konstruksi meriam yang tidak biasa memberikan meriam ini stabilitas dan sudut putar 360 derajat, membuatnya mampu menyerang musuh dari arah manapun. Dengan kereta pembawa Vickers, meriam ini juga dapat ditembakkan dengan roda terpasang, namun sebagai gantinya sudut putar meriam berkurang. Meriam 2-pounder 40 mm dapat mengungguli {{Butuh rujukan|date=January 2013}}meriam-meriam 37 mm lain, seperti meriam 3.7 cm PaK 36 Jerman atau Bofors 37 mm, dan jauh lebih unggul dari meriam 25 mm dan 20 mm pada masa itu. Kelemahan dari 2-pounder adalah bobotnya yang hampir dua kali lipat dari PaK 36 dan memiliki profil yang lebih tinggi.{{Butuh rujukan|date=January 2013}}
Meriam ini pertama kali digunakan pada tank sebagai persenjataan utama tank [[Cruiser Mk I]] rancangan Vickers.
Terdapat sebuah proyek menjelang akhir perang, '''David High Velocity '''buatan Kanada yang menembakkan amunisi 2-pdr melalui meriam 6-pdr. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kecepatan luncur peluru. Sistem ini masih dikembangkan saat perang usai, dan programnya berhenti saat itu juga.{{Butuh rujukan|date=January 2013}}
Pengembangan lainnya adalah meriam 2-pdr HV 'Pipsqueak', meriam pasca perang mengunakan kartrid 40x438R yang mulanya ditujukan untuk menjadi persenjataan utama mobil lapis baja Saladin untuk menggantikan mobil lapis baja AEC. Meriam ini dirancang untuk menembakkan peluru Armour-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) yang dapat mengimbangi penetrasi tembakan 'Littlejohn' sementara tetap bisa menembakkan peluru berdaya ledak tinggi (HE). Faktanya, performa meriam ini lebih baik, tembakan 1,295 m/s mampu menembus lapisan baja setebal 85mm pada sudut 60 derajat dari jarak 900m. Pengembangan meriam ini ditinggalkan ketika peran Saladin lebih condong pada bantuan tembakan infanteri,dan sebuah meriam berkecepatan rendah 76mm justru dipilih.{{Butuh rujukan|date=January 2013}}
Salah satu kekurangan 2-pdr yang serius adalah ketiadaan peluru berdaya ledak tinggi, terutama ketika meram 2-pdr adalah meriam utama sebuah tank; hal ini sangat penting saat sebuah tank digunakan untuk menyokong infanteri, sehingga tank tersebut hanya memiliki senapan mesin sebagai kegunaan anti-personnel. Sebuah selongsong berdaya ledak tinggi untuk 2-pdr, tapi tidak pernah diproduksi.<ref name="Ian Hogg page 138-139">Ian Hogg, ''Tank Killing'', page 138-139, published 1996 by Sidgwick & Jackson {{ISBN|1-885119-40-2}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Loading_Valentine_tank_2_pdr_gun_IWM_E_9766.jpg|jmpl|Kru di dalam sebuah tank Valentine sedang mengisi meriam.]]
[[Berkas:2-pounder_gun.jpg|jmpl|2 pounder dan tentara Inggris. Kaki-kaki nya dilipat.]]
[[Berkas:UmpCABKYXM0.jpg|jmpl|Kru 2 pounder Australia menembaki tank Jepang pada jarak point-blank dalam Pertempuran Muar.]]
[[Berkas:Type_95_Ha-Go_tank_Malaya_AWM_011298.jpg|jmpl|[[Tipe 95 Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Go]], korban dari meriam 2-pounder milik Australia.]]
* [[Tank ringan Mk VII Tetrarch|Tank ringan Mk VII, Tetrarch]], Light Tank Mk VIII, Harry Hopkins
* [[Cruiser Mk I]] hingga [[Tank Crusader|Cruiser Mk VI, Crusader]]
* Infantry Mk II, Matilda, Infantry Mk III, Valentine, [[Tank Churchill|Infantry Tank Mk IV, Churchill]] (mark awal)
* Ram I (Kanada)
* Coventry
* Daimler
* Marmon-Herrington (Afrika Selatan)
* Rhino (Australia, hanya purwarupa)
; Kendaraan lainnya
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/37-40mm.htm|title=37mm and 40mm guns in British service|last=Williams|first=A. G.|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IPSugSsj?url=http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/37-40mm.htm|archive-date=26 July 2013|dead-url=yes|access-date=18 November 2014}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.">Cite web</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. 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G.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Williams</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="archive-url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Archive URL</span><span data-key="archive-url" title="The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="archive-url" style="position: relative;">https://www.webcitation.org/6IPSugSsj?url=http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/37-40mm.htm</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="archive-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Archive date</span><span data-key="archive-date" title="Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="archive-date" style="position: relative;">26 July 2013</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="dead-url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Dead URL</span><span data-key="dead-url" title="If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="dead-url" style="position: relative;">yes</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="access-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL access date</span><span data-key="access-date" title="The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="access-date" style="position: relative;">18 November 2014</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc.">Cite web</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..."" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/37-40mm.htm</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. 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Not the name of the website." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">37mm and 40mm guns in British service</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Williams</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">A. G.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Williams</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="archive-url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Archive URL</span><span data-key="archive-url" title="The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="archive-url" style="position: relative;">https://www.webcitation.org/6IPSugSsj?url=http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/37-40mm.htm</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="archive-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Archive date</span><span data-key="archive-date" title="Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="archive-date" style="position: relative;">26 July 2013</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="dead-url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Dead URL</span><span data-key="dead-url" title="If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="dead-url" style="position: relative;">yes</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="access-date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL access date</span><span data-key="access-date" title="The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="access-date" style="position: relative;">18 November 2014</div></div></div></div>
== Pranala luar ==
| 