Pertempuran Hafrsfjord: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Pertempuran [[Hafrsfjord]]''' (''Slaget i Hafrsfjord'') secara tradisional telah dianggap sebagai pertempuran yang menjadikan
[[Berkas:Ole_Peter_Hansen_Balling_Harald_Hårfagre_i_slaget_ved_Hafrsfjord.jpg|ka|jmpl|300x300px|''Harald Hårfagre i slaget ved Hafrsfjord'' oleh [[Ole Peter Hansen Balling]], tahun 1870]]
== Signifikansi ==
Meskipun sebagian besar ilmuwan saat ini cenderung menganggap penyatuan sebagai suatu proses yang berlangsung selama berabad-abad, bukannya hasil dari satu pertempuran, Pertempuran Hafrsfjord menduduki peringkat tertinggi dalam imajinasi rakyat Norwegia. Ini adalah hasil dari deklarasi Raja [[Harald I dari Norwegia]]
Sebelumnya diyakini bahwa pertempuran ini adalah peristiwa yang menentukan dalam penyatuan Norwegia. Menurut saga Snorri, Raja Harald mengendalikan sebagian besar Norwegia bagian tenggara sebelum pertempuran, tetapi sumber-sumber lain mengklaim bahwa Norwegia bagian timur berada di bawah kekuasaan raja Denmark. Pertempuran Hafrsfjord menandai penghancuran terakhir terhadap perlawanan dari Norwegia bagian barat daya (terutama [[Rogaland]], tetapi juga para kepala suku dari daerah Sognefjord). Hal ini memungkinkan Raja Harald untuk menaklukkan negara dan mengumpulkan pajak dari bagian besar wilayahnya. Historiografi di masa selanjutnya menganggap Raja Harald adalah
<ref>[https://nbl.snl.no/Harald_1_H%C3%A5rfagre ''Harald 1 Hårfagre'' (Store norske leksikon)]</ref>
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Tidak diketahui dengan pasti kapan pertempuran ini terjadi, tetapi pada umumnya dianggap telah terjadi antara tahun 870 dan 900. Ketidakpastian ini adalah karena kurangnya sumber-sumber, dan sebagian karena kalender Masehi belum digunakan pada saat itu. Saga mengikuti konvensi menghitung jumlah musim dingin yang berlalu sejak peristiwa tersebut.
Tanggal tradisional peristiwa ini, tahun 872, adalah hasil perkiraan pada abad ke-19. Pada tahun 1830-an, sejarawan [[Rudolf Keyser]] menghitung mundur jumlah tahun dari [[Battle of Svolder|Pertempuran Svolder]] seperti yang tercatat dalam karya
<ref>[http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/fcf35969760398c6fce7e3a228d5c752.nbdigital?lang=no#15 ''Norges Historie. 1'' (Kristiania : Malling, 1866)]</ref><ref>[https://nbl.snl.no/Rudolf_Keyser ''Rudolf Keyser'' (Store norske leksikon)]</ref>
Pada tahun 1920-an, menggunakan metode yang sama seperti Keyser tapi sangat mengkritisi kehandalan saga, sejarawan [[Halvdan Koht]]
<ref>[https://nbl.snl.no/Halvdan_Koht ''Halvdan Koht'' (Store norske leksikon)]</ref>
[[Berkas:Haraldshaugen.JPG|ka|jmpl|300x300px|Haraldshaugen di Haugesund]]
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|'' dan haluan kapal terpahat.''
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Sumber paling terkenal untuk pertempuran ini adalah saga Harald Fairhair dalam
<ref>[http://heimskringla.no/wiki/Soga_um_Harald_Haarfagre ''Saga of Harald Hårfagre from Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson'' (heimskringla.no)]</ref>{{Quote|''News came in from the south land that the people of Hordaland and Rogaland, Agder and Thelemark, were gathering, and bring together ships and weapons, and a great body of men. The leaders of this were Eirik king of Hordaland; Sulke king of Rogaland, and his brother Earl Sote: Kjotve the Rich, king of Agder, and his son Thor Haklang; and from Thelemark two brothers, Hroald Hryg and Had the Hard. Now when Harald got certain news of this, he assembled his forces, set his ships on the water, made himself ready with his men, and set out southwards along the coast, gathering many people from every district. King Eirik heard of this when he came south of Stad; and having assembled all the men he could expect, he proceeded southwards to meet the force which he knew was coming to his help from the east. The whole met together north of Jadar, and went into Hafersfjord, where King Harald was waiting with his forces. A great battle began, which was both hard and long; but at last King Harald gained the day. There King Eirik fell, and King Sulke, with his brother Earl Sote. Thor Haklang, who was a great berserk, had laid his ship against King Harald's, and there was above all measure a desperate attack, until Thor Haklang fell, and his whole ship was cleared of men. Then King Kjotve fled to a little isle outside, on which there was a good place of strength. Thereafter all his men fled, some to their ships, some up to the land; and the latter ran southwards over the country of Jadar.''|text=''News came in from the south land that the people of Hordaland and Rogaland, Agder and Thelemark, were gathering, and bring together ships and weapons, and a great body of men. The leaders of this were Eirik king of Hordaland; Sulke king of Rogaland, and his brother Earl Sote: Kjotve the Rich, king of Agder, and his son Thor Haklang; and from Thelemark two brothers, Hroald Hryg and Had the Hard. Now when Harald got certain news of this, he assembled his forces, set his ships on the water, made himself ready with his men, and set out southwards along the coast, gathering many people from every district. King Eirik heard of this when he came south of Stad; and having assembled all the men he could expect, he proceeded southwards to meet the force which he knew was coming to his help from the east. The whole met together north of Jadar, and went into Hafersfjord, where King Harald was waiting with his forces. A great battle began, which was both hard and long; but at last King Harald gained the day. There King Eirik fell, and King Sulke, with his brother Earl Sote. Thor Haklang, who was a great berserk, had laid his ship against King Harald's, and there was above all measure a desperate attack, until Thor Haklang fell, and his whole ship was cleared of men. Then King Kjotve fled to a little isle outside, on which there was a good place of strength. Thereafter all his men fled, some to their ships, some up to the land; and the latter ran southwards over the country of Jadar.''}}(<nowiki>''</nowiki>Berita datang dari selatan bahwa rakyat Hordaland dan Rogaland, Agder dan Thelemark, berkumpul, dan menyatukan kapal-kapal dan senjata, dan begitu banyak pasukan. Para pemimpinnya adalah Eirik raja Hordaland; Sulke raja Rogaland dan saudaranya Earl Sote: Kjotve si Kaya, raja Agder, dan putranya Thor Haklang; dan dari Thelemark dua bersaudara, Hroald Hryg dan Had si Keras. Sekarang, saat Harald mendapat kepastian berita ini, dia menggumpulkan pasukannya, menurunkan kapal-kapalnya ke air, mempersiapkan diri dengan pasukannya, dan berangkat ke tenggara menyusuri pantai, mengumpulkan banyak orang dari setiap distrik. Raja Eirik mendengar hal ini saat dia tiba di sebelah selatan Stad; dan setelah mengumpulkan semua orang yang bisa dia harapkan, dia berangkat ke selatan untuk menemui pasukan yang dia tahu akan datang untuk membantunya dari timur. Kedua pasukan bertemu di sebelah utara Jadar, dan pergi ke Hafersfjord, tempat Raja Harald menunggu dengan pasukannya. Pertempuran sangat besar dimulai, yang sengit dan panjang; tetapi pada akhirnya Raja Harald menang. Di sana,
== Lihat juga ==
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