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Baris 11:
Intermittent violence at the [[Temple Mount]] between the [[Israel Defense Forces]] and Palestinians evolves into diplomatic disputes between Israel and Jordan.
==History==
Among [[Sunni Muslims]], the [[Temple Mount]] is widely considered the [[Holiest sites in Sunni Islam|third holiest site in Islam]]. Revered as the location where [[Muhammad]] ascended to heaven, the site, known as the "Noble Sanctuary", is also associated with Jewish prophets who are venerated in Muslim religion. The [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] and [[Dome of the Rock]] were constructed on the mount by [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad Caliphs]]. In 692 AD, the dome was constructed, making it one of the oldest Islamic shrines to exist.<ref name="Faizer">{{cite web|url=http://us.geocities.com/rfaizer/reviews/book9.html|title=The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem|author=Rizwi Faizer|year=1998|publisher=Rizwi's Bibliography for Medieval Islam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020210164811/http://us.geocities.com/rfaizer/reviews/book9.html|archive-date=2002-02-10}}</ref>
The legacy traces back to 1924 when the [[Supreme Muslim Council]], the highest Muslim body in charge of Muslim community affairs in [[Mandatory Palestine]], accepted [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|Hussein bin Ali]] ([[Hashemite]] [[Sharif of Mecca]]) as custodian of [[Al Aqsa Compound|Al-Aqsa]]. The Hashemites are descendants of Muhammad, who ruled over the holy city of Mecca for 700 years until they were [[Saudi conquest of Hejaz|ousted]] by the [[House of Saud]] in 1924. The custodianship became a Hashemite legacy administered by consecutive Jordanian kings. Sharif Hussein was buried in 1931 near the Al-Aqsa mosque where his funeral also took place.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/kingdom-remembers-sharif-hussein-bin-ali|title=Kingdom remembers Sharif Hussein Bin Ali|accessdate=16 June 2018|work=The Jordan Times|date=3 June 2017}}</ref>
The sharif's son, [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah I]] (the first King of [[Jordan]]) is said to have personally extinguished a fire which engulfed the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in 1949.<ref name="ox08">{{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Raymond|title=Saving the Holy Sepulchre: How Rival Christians Came Together to Rescue Their Holiest Shrine|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7KmnQ65XooC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA84#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=16 January 2018}}</ref> Jordan under Abdullah I had occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] and annexed the territories in 1951. Abdullah I was assassinated a year later as he was entering the mosque to pray.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1951/jul/21/fromthearchive|title=Assassination of King Abdullah|accessdate=16 June 2018|date=21 July 1952|work=The Guardian}}</ref> King Hussein in 1965 ordered the construction of a palace in East Jerusalem in 1965 to symbolize Jordan's sovereignty. It was abandoned after Jordan lost control of the West Bank to Israel during the 1967 [[Six-Day War]], and the palace remains uncompleted to this day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-what-happened-to-jordan-s-dream-palace-in-jerusalem-1.5473364|title=How Six-Day War Left Hashemite House’s Dreams of Jerusalem Palace in Ruins|work=Haaretz|date=17 May 2017|accessdate=22 June 2018}}</ref>
Jordan renounced claims to the territory in 1988, and signed [[Israel–Jordan peace treaty|a peace treaty]] with Israel in 1994, whose 9th article states that Israel commits to "respect the present special role of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in Muslim Holy shrines in Jerusalem" and that "when negotiations on the permanent status will take place, Israel will give high priority to the Jordanian historic role in these shrines". In 2013 an agreement was signed between the Palestinian Authority (represented by [[Mahmoud Abbas]]) and [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah II]] recognizing Jordan's role, replacing the decades-old verbal agreement.<ref name="dskaojc">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Article.aspx?id=212248|title=Jerusalem deal boosts Jordan in Holy City: analysts|work=AFP|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=22 February 2017|date=2 April 2013}}</ref>
Jordan recalled its ambassador to Israel in 2014 following tensions at Al-Aqsa Mosque between Israelis and Palestinians. Abdullah met Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] in Amman in late 2014, and the Jordanian ambassador returned when Israeli authorities eased restrictions and allowed men of all ages to pray at Al-Aqsa for the first time in months.<ref name="toifbj">{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/fearing-backlash-jordan-asserts-al-aqsa-custodianship/|title=Fearing backlash, Jordan asserts Al-Aqsa custodianship|accessdate=18 February 2017|date=16 November 2014|first=Mussa|last=Hattar|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
In 2016, [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah II]] participated in funding renovation of [[Christ]]'s tomb in the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]], and in 2017, Abdullah donated $1.4 million to the [[Jerusalem Islamic Waqf]], the Jordanian authority responsible for administering Al-Aqsa. An independent report estimates the total amount that the Hashemites have spent since 1924 on administering and renovating Al Aqsa as over $1 billion.<ref name="ttoi"/> The Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem commenting on the King's donation to the renovation of the Church: "Jordan’s role in protecting Christian existence in the Holy Land is clear and undeniable, King Abdullah spearheads the efforts of all Jordanians to sow the seeds of love and brotherhood between Muslims and Christians. We are reaping the fruits of these efforts in this age when sectarian wars are burning entire countries as can plainly be seen."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2016/04/11/vaticaninsider/eng/world-news/king-abdullah-ii-of-jordan-funds-holy-sepulchre-restoration-work-NalrFqTHDnrSKv62cJWIsM/pagina.html|title=King Abdullah II of Jordan funds Holy Sepulchre restoration work|accessdate=20 January 2018|date=11 April 2016|work=Vacitan Insider}}</ref>
On 24 July, following the [[2017 Temple Mount crisis]], Israel agreed to remove metal detectors from Al-Aqsa after Abdullah phoned Netanyahu. However, it is unclear if Jordan influenced Israel's decision.<ref name="nyt">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/24/world/middleeast/israel-jordan-aqsa-temple-mount-violence.html|title=Israel Agrees to Remove Metal Detectors at Entrances to Aqsa Mosque Compound|work=The New York Times|date=24 July 2017|accessdate=4 September 2017}}</ref>
Leaders of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre issued a statement of support to Abdullah on 1 March 2018 after Israel shelved a proposed bill that aimed to propose new tax measures to churches in the West Bank. "Your defence of religious freedom and Your leadership, in ensuring that the Status Quo is respected and maintained, has been crucial in our ongoing attempts to guard and protect the Christian presence especially in the Holy City of Jerusalem", the statement read.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/jerusalem-church-leaders-thank-jordan-s-king-abdullah-for-support-during-israel-tax-protest-1.709421|title=Jerusalem Church leaders thank Jordan’s King Abdullah for support during Israel tax protest|accessdate=5 March 2018|date=1 March 2018|work=The National}}</ref>
==Recognition==
[[Israel]], the [[Palestinian Authority]], the [[Arab League]], [[United States]], [[European Union]] and [[Turkey]] recognize [[Jordan]]'s role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/arab-league-values-jordan%E2%80%99s-pro-jerusalem-efforts|title=Arab League values Jordan’s pro-Jerusalem efforts|work=The Jordan Times|accessdate=4 September 2017|date=27 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/erdogan-reaffirms-jordan%E2%80%99s-protection-jerusalem%E2%80%99s-islamic-awqaf|title=Erdogan reaffirms Jordan’s protection of Jerusalem’s Islamic Awqaf|work=The Jordan Times|accessdate=4 September 2017|date=10 May 2017}}</ref>
In December 2017, [[Federica Mogherini]], the European Union foreign policy chief said that "Jordan has a very special role, when it comes to the holy places, His Majesty, the King of Jordan [Abdullah II], is the custodian of the holy places and he is a very wise man."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/we-should-listen-wisdom-king-abdullah-%E2%80%94-mogherini|title=We should listen to the wisdom of King Abdullah — Mogherini|publisher=The Jordan Times|accessdate=28 December 2017|date=8 December 2017}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Islamic structures on the Temple Mount}}
{{Temple Mount}}
{{Old City (Jerusalem)}}
[[Category:Temple Mount]]
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