Krisis kepresidenan Venezuela: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pada bulan Februari 2018, Maduro menyerukan pemilihan presiden empat bulan sebelum tanggal yang ditentukan.<ref name="BBCweighs">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42984448|title=Venezuela opposition weighs election run|date=8 February 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> Ia dinyatakan sebagai pemenang pada Mei 2018 setelah beberapa partai oposisi utama tidak diperbolehkan berpartisipasi. Selain itu, terdapat pula beberapa penyimpangan lainnya. Banyak yang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan itu tidak sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/gobierno/anc-aprobo-decreto-para-validacion-los-partidos-politicos_216253|title=ANC aprobó un decreto para la validación de los partidos políticos|date=20 December 2017|website=El Nacional}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-46805683|title=Por qué es polémico que Maduro jure como presidente de Venezuela y por qué lo hace ahora si las elecciones fueron en mayo|last=Olmo (@BBCgolmo)|first=Guillermo D.|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News Mundo|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|title=Maduro gana con la abstención histórica más alta en comicios presidenciales - Efecto Cocuyo|website=efectococuyo.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221101748/http://efectococuyo.com/politica/maduro-gana-con-la-abstencion-historica-mas-alta-en-comicios-presidenciales/|archive-date=21 December 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42304594|title=Venezuela opposition banned from running in 2018 election|date=11 December 2017|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Berpasangan dengan seorang yang memandanganmemandang kepemimpinan Maduro sebagai kediktatoran yang tidak efektif,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|title=Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship|last=Corrales|first=Javier|website=[[Americas Quarterly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103221/http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|title=Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro|last=Brodzinsky|first=Sibylla|date=21 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209230102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|archive-date=9 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/#0|title=Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro|date=24 August 2016|work=[[CNN en Español]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135042/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/|archive-date=20 December 2016|dead-url=no|access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> para politisi dari dalam maupun luar negeri menyatakan bahwa Maduro tidak dipilih secara sah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|title=Venezuela's Sham Election|last=Sen|first=Ashish Kumar|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118135833/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|archive-date=18 November 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Dalam bulan-bulan menjelang pelantikannya pada 10 Januari 2019, Maduro ditekan untuk mundur oleh negara-negara dan badan-badan termasuk ''Kelompok Lima'' (selain Meksiko), Amerika Serikat, dan [[Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika|OAS]] (Organisasi Negara-negara Amerika). Tekanan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan dilantiknya anggota Majelis Nasional Venezuela yang baru pada tanggal 5 Januari 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/401e52a0-1405-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela Swears in an illegitimate President|last=|first=|date=|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|title=Venezuela Is in Crisis. So How Did Maduro Secure a Second Term?|last=Herrero|first=Ana Vanessa|date=10 January 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|last2=Specia|first2=Megan|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111012015/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/10/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-inauguration.html|archive-date=11 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|title=Peru, Paraguay recall diplomats over Maduro inauguration {{!}} Venezuela News|website=Aljazeera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110232447/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/peru-paraguay-recall-diplomats-maduro-inauguration-190110180310100.html|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> Maduro menolak Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2017;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|title=Venezuela's Maduro begins second term|date=10 January 2019|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110231014/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46821653|archive-date=10 January 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> yang disebut sebagai "satu-satunya lembaga yang dipilih secara demokratis yang tersisa di negara ini".{{Efn|Sources directly claiming that the National Assembly is the "only democratically elected" or "only legitimate" political body in Venezuela include: ''[[Financial Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/839b90f8-15d4-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e|title=Venezuela's opposition vows to help end Maduro's rule|last=Long|first=Gideon|date=13 January 2019|website=[[Financial Times]]|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 January 2019|quote=... the National Assembly is the only democratically elected institution left in the country ...}}</ref> ''[[The Telegraph]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/26/spain-germany-france-give-venezuelas-maduro-eight-days-call|title=US demands world stands with 'forces of freedom' in Venezuela|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> the [[BBC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47009301|title=Venezuela crisis: Guaido rejects talks with Maduro|website=BBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/russia-china-block-us-push-for-u-n-to-back-venezuelas-juan-guaido/articleshow/67703648.cms|title=Russia, China block US push for UN to back Venezuela's Juan Guaidó|website=Economic Times|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[CTV Television Network|CTV]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/freeland-says-venezuela-s-maduro-regime-is-now-fully-entrenched-as-a-dictatorship-1.4248589|title=Freeland says Venezuela's Maduro regime is now fully entrenched as a dictatorship|website=CTV|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''[[Business Times (China)|Business Times]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.businesstimes.cn/articles/107088/20190129/russia-china-greece-supports-maduro-regime.htm|title=Russia, China, Greece supports Maduro regime|website=Business Times|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Reuters]] agency,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/world/reuters-us-pushes-un-security-council-to-back-venezuelas-guaido.html|title=Reuters: US pushes UN Security Council to back Venezuela's Guaidó|website=Kyiv Post|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/singh-ndp-liberals-venezuela-1.4991913|title=Singh calls on Trudeau to part ways with US, Brazil on Venezuela crisis|website=CBC News|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> etc.}}

Sebuah jajak pendapat Januari 2019 oleh Hinterlaces, sebuah jajak pendapat yang dipimpin oleh anggota Majelis Konstituante Nasional {{Ill|Oscar Schemel|es}} yang digambarkan sebagai pro-Maduro,<ref name="reuters">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-chavez-idUSBRE91P0XN20130226|title=Most Venezuelans think Chavez will recover: poll|last=|first=|date=2013-02-26|work=[[Reuters]]|language=en|access-date=2019-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://es.panampost.com/sabrina-martin/2016/03/21/encuestadora-chavista-admite-que-venezolanos-desean-salir-de-maduro/|title=Encuestadora chavista admite que venezolanos desean salir de Maduro|date=21 March 2016|work=[[PanAm Post]]|language=es-ES|access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/13828|title=Venezuela’s Highly Unusual Presidential Election|last=[[Gregory Wilpert|Wilpert]]|first=[[Gregory Wilpert|Gregory]]|date=2018-05-19|website=[[Venezuelanalysis.com]]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-31|quote=Pro-government pollsters, such as the company Hinterlaces give Maduro a 17 point advantage}}</ref> melaporkan bahwa 86% rakyat Venezuela akan menentang intervensi militer, 81% menentang sanksi AS, dan bahwa 84% mendukung dialog untuk mengakhiri krisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanary.co/global/world-news/2019/01/29/new-poll-shows-venezuelans-overwhelmingly-oppose-military-intervention-and-us-sanctions/|title=New poll shows Venezuelans overwhelmingly oppose military intervention and US sanctions|date=29 January 2019|website=The Canary}}</ref> Polling Hinterlaces lainnya, dari 1.580 rumah tangga, melaporkan bahwa 81% tidak tahu siapa Guaido, dengan 11% memiliki pendapat yang mendukungnya dan 5% memiliki pendapat yang tidak menguntungkan; 3% tidak memiliki pendapat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vtv.gob.ve/hinterlaces-81-venezolanos-desconoce-a-guaido-como-lider-politico/|title=Hinterlaces: 81% de los venezolanos desconoce a Guaidó como líder político|date=20 January 2019}}</ref>