|
|name=''Kantenji''
|altname=漢点字<br/>{{bc|1568|4258|NULL|12356|45678|NULL|125|3458|type=textlink|bg=transpaent}}
|type=logographiclogografis
|languages=JapaneseJepang
|status=unofficialtidak resmi
|fam1=[[Night writing]]
|fam2=[[Braille]]
|fam3=[[Japanese Braille Jepang]]
| print = [[kanji]]
|note=none
}}
'''''Kantenji''''', oratau '''braille kanji''', isadalah asistem system ofhuruf [[braille]] foruntuk transcribingtranskripsi [[writtenSistem Japanesepenulisan bahasa Jepang|tulisan Jepang]]. It wasDirancang devisedpada intahun 1969 byoleh {{nihongo|Taiichi Kawakami|川上 泰一}}, aseorang teacherguru at thedi {{ill|Sekolah Osaka School for theuntuk BlindTunanetra|ja|大阪府立視覚支援学校}}, anddan wasdirevisi stillpada being revised intahun 1991. Ini Itmelengkapi supplementshuruf [[JapaneseBraille Jepang|braille Jepang]] bydengan providingmenyediakan acara meanspenyandian oflangsung directly encodingkarakter [[kanji]] characterstanpa withoutharus havingterlebih todahulu firstmengubahnya convert them tomenjadi [[Aksara kana|kana]]. ItIni usesmenggunakan ansel braille 8-dot braille celltitik, withdengan theenam lowertitik sixbawah dotsyang correspondingsesuai todengan thesel cellsBraille ofJepang standard Japanese Braillestandar, and the upper two dotsdan indicatingdua thetitik constituentatas partsmenunjukkan ofbagian thepenyusun kanji.<ref name="kantenji.jp">{{cite web|title=盲人と文字 -漢点字の世界|url=http://www.kantenji.jp/ikkatsu.html|accessdate=27 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="n-braille">{{cite web|title=漢点字|url=http://www.n-braille.net/kantenji/eib.html|accessdate=27 December 2013}}</ref> The upperTitik-titik dotsatas arediberi numberednomor 0 (upperkiri leftatas) anddan 7 (upperkanan rightatas), thekebalikan oppositedari convention ofbraille 8-dottitik brailledi innegara-negara Western countriesBarat, wheredi themana extratitik-titik dotstambahan areditambahkan addedke tobagian thebawah bottom of the cellsel. Kanji Aakan kanjiditranskripsi willdalam besatu transcribedhingga bytiga anywhere from one to threesel braille cells.
==Principles Prinsip ==
[[File:Kantenji Dot Number.svg|thumb|80px|Sel braille ''Kantenji'' braille cell withdengan diacriticaltitik upperatas dotsdiakritik 0 anddan 7]]
OnlyHanya kanji utilizeyang themenggunakan uppertitik dotsatas 0 anddan 7. ASel cellyang occupyinghanya onlymenempati dotstitik 1–61-6 isharus todibaca be read assebagai kana, oratau lesskurang commonlyumum assebagai theradikal middletengah elementdari ofkanji atiga three-cell kanjisel.
Bacaan Kana readingsdigunakan areuntuk usedmemperoleh to derive commonelemen kanji elementsumum thatyang share that readinghomofon. For exampleMisalnya, the kana {{bc|238|type=text}} き ''ki'' isdigunakan useduntuk forelemen elements based on theberdasarkan kanji 木, whichyang hasmemiliki ''ki'' assebagai onesalah ofsatu itspengucapan [[kunyomi|basic pronunciations]]dasarnya. TheDua twotitik upperatas dotskemudian aredigunakan thenuntuk usedmenunjukkan toapakah indicateini whetheradalah thismurni is a whole character,karakter 木, oratau ankarakter element of a compound characterradikal. ForUntuk akarakter whole charactermurni, bothkedua uppertitik dotsatas areditambahkan added,sehingga formenjadi {{bc|12348|type=text}} 木 ''ki''. ForUntuk a[[Radikal partial(Aksara Han)|karakter characterradikal]], onesatu uppertitik dotatas is useddigunakan: TheTitik leftatas upperkiri dotsaja alonemenunjukkan indicatesbagian theradikal firstpertama (leftkiri, topatas, oratau outsideluar) constituent part of adari kanji, asseperti inpada {{bc|1238|23468|type=text}} 村, anddan thetitik rightkanan upperatas dotsaja alonemenandakan signalsbagian theradikal finalakhir (rightkanan, bottombawah, oratau insidedalam) constituent part of a kanji, asseperti inpada {{bc|1238|2348|type=text}} 林.<ref name="kantenji.jp"/> For thoseUntuk kanji whereyang anradikalnya elementdiulang islebih repeateddari moresatu than oncekali, asufiks suffixyang correspondingbersesuaian derivedberasal fromdari theangka braille digit plus a right upperditambah dottitik indicateskanan theatas numbermenunjukkan ofberapa timeskali ansuatu elementradikal occursditulis, asseperti inpada {{bc|1238|245|type=text}} = 森.<ref name="n-braille"/>
That is, the kana {{bc|238}} き ''ki'' is the basis for the kanji {{bc|12348}} 木 ''ki'', as well as the two components of {{bc|1238|2348}} 林 ''hayashi'', and combined with the digit {{bc|25}} ３ it forms {{bc|1238|245}} 森 ''mori''.
A more extreme abbreviation is 恋 ''koi'' "love". In print this is (historically) 糸–言–糸 on the top plus 心 on the bottom, but in ''kantenji'' it is abbreviated to 言 + 心, for {{bc|1235|3468}} 恋 ''koi''.
BecauseKarena hanya ada 63 pola enam titik yang bisa dijadikan dasar ''kantenji'', sementara ada lebih banyak radikal yang menyusun kanji (total ada [[Radikal (Aksara Han)|214 radikal]]), masing-masing pola ''kantenji'' berhubungan dengan beberapa komponen dalam cetakan. there are only 63 six-dot patterns that ''kantenji'' can be based on, while there are significantly more elements from which kanji are built in print (for instance, the [[Kangxi radical|214 radicals]]), each of the ''kantenji'' patterns corresponds to several components in print. Most are visually or thematically linked. For example, the kana {{bc|2456|type=image|size=12}} そ ''so'' is the arbitrary basis for the kanji {{bc|134568|type=text}} 馬 ''uma'' "horse". From there, three kanji for farm animals are derived by adding a "selector" (a pattern with a single lower dot): {{bc|13568|24|type=text}} (馬 + selector 1) 牛 ''ushi'' "cattle", {{bc|13568|34|type=text}} (馬 + selector 2) 羊 ''hitsuji'' "sheep", and {{bc|13568|47|type=text}} (馬+selector 3) 豚 ''buta'' "pig". The kanji 曽 ''sō'', on the other hand, is based on the same braille pattern, despite having nothing to do with the horse radical or its meaning, because it is the historical basis of the kana そ ''so''. Thus {{bc|15|34568|type=text}} (selector 4 + 馬) is 曽 ''sō''. The selectors are generally only used for individual kanji. When 馬, 牛, 羊, 豚, or 曽 used as components of compound kanji in print, all are most commonly written as {{bc|13568|type=text}} or {{bc|34568|type=text}} in braille.<ref name=taijukai>{{cite web|title=漢点字入門|url=http://www.kunijima.sakura.ne.jp/temp/taijyukai.pdf|accessdate=30 December 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231141822/http://www.kunijima.sakura.ne.jp/temp/taijyukai.pdf|archivedate=31 December 2013|df=}}</ref>
The order of the cells is sometimes reversed to distinguish kanji that would otherwise be written the same in braille. For example, 料 is written {{bc|13567|3457|type=text}} (斗 + 私) to distinguish it from {{bc|1357|34567|type=text}} 科 (私 + 斗). Tricks such as reordering and abbreviation help utilize the 4,000 two-cell combinations. However, for rarer kanji, three cells are required. The middle cell may be a selector, as in {{bc|1237|5|347|type=text}} 汲 (水 + selector 5 + 系), or a kanji element, as in {{bc|123578|26|2467|type=text}} 瑠 (玉 + 月 + 田).<ref name=taijukai/>
etc.
=== Kantenji yang terdiri dari dua sel karakter ===
===Double-cell composed kantenji characters===
Bentuk kantenji yang paling umum menggunakan pola dua sel, yang pertama dengan titik kiri atas terangkat, yang kedua dengan mengangkat bagian kanan atas. Pola titik menunjukkan dua elemen dasar yang terdiri dari kanji yang tersusun. Perhatikan bahwa elemen varian sering diwakili oleh kantenji dasar dan elemen tematik oleh penentu mereka.
The most common kantenji form uses a two cell pattern, the first with the upper left dot raised, the second with the upper right raised. The dot patterns indicate the two basic elements that comprise the composed kanji. Note that variant elements are often represented by the base kantenji and thematic elements by their determiners.
* {{bc|125|3458|type=8-dot|size=12}} - う/宀 + こ/子 = 字
:Give free rein to your desires, and you become uncomfortably confined.
==ReferencesRujukan==
{{reflist}}
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