Bahasa Ibrani Alkitab: Perbedaan antara revisi

! rowspan="2" | Proto-Semitik

! rowspan="2" | IPA

|-

! Ibrani

Bahasa Ibrani mengalami pergeseran Kanaan, di mana Proto-Semit {{IPA|/aː/}} cenderung bergeser menjadi {{IPA|/oː/}}, mungkin ketika mendapat penekanan.<ref name="sclas" /><ref name="Blau 2010 136-137">{{Harvcoltxt|Blau|2010|pp=136–137}}</ref> Bahasa Ibrani seperti bahasa-bahasa Kanaan juga mengalami pergeseran {{IPA|*/ð/}} > {{IPA|/z/}}, {{IPA|*/θʼ/}} dan {{IPA|*/ɬʼ/}} > {{IPA|/sʼ/}}, reduksi diftong meluas dan asimilasi penuh /n/ non-final ke konsonan berikutnya jika kata terakhir, yaitu {{lang|hbo|בת|rtl=yes}} /bat/ dari *bant.<ref name="sclas" /> Ada pula bukti adanya aturan asimilasi /y/ dengan konsonan coronal sesudahnya dalam posisi ''pre-tonic'', yang sama-sama didapati dalam bahasa Ibrani, Fenisia dan Aram.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Garnier|Jacques|2012}}</ref>

 

 

== Era ==

 

The oldest form of Biblical Hebrew, Archaic Hebrew, is found in poetic sections of the Bible and inscriptions dating to around 1000&nbsp;BCE, the early [[Kingdoms of Israel and Judah|Monarchic Period]].<ref name="sb52">{{Harvcoltxt|Sáenz-Badillos|1993|p=52}}</ref><ref name="r66">{{Harvcoltxt|Rendsburg|1997|p=66}}</ref> This stage is also known as Old Hebrew or Paleo-Hebrew, and is the oldest stratum of Biblical Hebrew. The oldest known artifacts of Archaic Biblical Hebrew are various sections of the [[Tanakh]], including the [[Song of Moses]] ([[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] 15) and the [[Song of Deborah]] ([[Book of Judges|Judges]] 5).<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Sáenz-Badillos|1993|p=56}}</ref> Biblical poetry uses a number of distinct lexical items, for example {{lang|hbo|חזה|rtl=yes}} for prose {{lang|hbo|ראה|rtl=yes}} 'see', {{lang|hbo|כביר|rtl=yes}} for {{lang|hbo|גדול|rtl=yes}} 'great'.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Sáenz-Badillos|1993|p=60}}</ref> Some have cognates in other Northwest Semitic languages, for example {{lang|hbo|פעל|rtl=yes}} 'do' and {{lang|hbo|חָרוּץ|rtl=yes}} 'gold' which are common in Canaanite and Ugaritic.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Sáenz-Badillos|1993|p=61}}</ref> Grammatical differences include the use of {{lang|hbo|זה|rtl=yes}}, {{lang|hbo|זוֹ|rtl=yes}}, and {{lang|hbo|זוּ|rtl=yes}} as relative particles, negative {{lang|hbo|בל|rtl=yes}}, and various differences in verbal and pronominal morphology and syntax.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Sáenz-Badillos|1993|pp=57–60}}</ref>