Ratu Surga: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 35:
=====''Queen conceived without original sin' ' =====
''Queen conceived without original sin'' refers to the [[Immaculate Conception]] of the Virgin Mary, a long held belief which became [[Dogma (Roman Catholic)|dogma]] in [[1854]]. It definitively solved the question, how Mary, fully human and in need of redemption like everybody else, was granted the fullness of God’s grace from her very beginning. The dogma teaches, that Mary
=====[[Assumption of Mary|Queen assumed into Heaven]]=====
Baris 74:
=====[[Salve Regina]] =====
{{main|Salve Regina}}
The ''Queen of Heaven'' is praised in the [[Salve Regina]] (Hail Queen), which is sung in the time from Trinity Sunday until the Saturday before the first Sunday of Advent. In the vernacular as a prayer to the Virgin Mary, the Hail Holy Queen is the final prayer of the Rosary. A German [[Benedictine]] monk [[Hermann of Reichenau]] (1013-1054) allegedly composed it, and originally it appeared in Latin, the prevalent language of the Catholic Church until [[Vatican II]]. Traditionally it has been sung in Latin, though many translations exist. These are often used as spoken prayers. In the Middle Ages, Salve Regina offices were held every Saturday <ref>Marienlexikon, 648</ref> In the 13th century, the custom developed, to greet the [[Queen of Heaven]] with the Salve Regina, which is considered the oldest of the four Marian antiphons. Several Protestant reformes strongly objected to the Salve and the title Queen of Heaven. As a part of the [[Catholic Reformation]]
===== [[Ave Regina Caelorum]] =====
Baris 83:
{{main|Alma Redemptoris Mater}}
[[Berkas:Fra Angelico 082.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Coronation of Mary by [[Fra Angelico]]]]
[[Alma Redemptoris Mater]] ("Loving Mother of our Savior)
::''Alma Redemptoris Mater, quae pervia caeli'',
Baris 101:
[[Berkas:Santa Marija Assunta.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Statue (detail) of Santa Marija Assunta, by Attard, Malta]]
Early Christian art show Mary in an elevated position. She carries her devine son in her hands, or holds him. After he ascended into heaven, he reigns in devine glory. Mary, his mother, assumed into heaven by her son, participates in his heavenly glory. The Second Council of Nicaea decreed
After the [[Council of Trent]], which confirmed the veneration of Marian paintings, Mary was often painted as a Madonna with crown, surrounded by stars, standing on top of the world or the partly visible moon. After the victory against the Turks at Lepanto, Mary is depicted as the Queen of Victory, sometimes wearing the crown of the Habsburg empire.<ref>Marienlexikon 595</ref> National interpretations existed in France as well, where [[Jean Fouquet]] painted the Queen of Heaven in [[1450]] with the face of the mistress of King [[Charles VII]] <ref>Marienlexikon 596</ref> Statues and pictures of Mary were crowned by kings in [[Poland]], [[France]], [[Bavaria]], [[Hungary]] and [[Austria]],<ref>Marienlexikon 596</ref> sometimes apparently using crowns previously worn by earthly monarchs - a surviving small crown presented by [[Margaret of York]] seems to have been that worn by her at her wedding to [[Charles the Bold]] in 1463. A recent coronation was that of the picture of the [[Salus Populi Romani]] in 1954 by [[Pius XII]]. The veneration of Mary as queen continues into the 21th century, but artistic expressions do not have the leading role as in previous times<ref>Marienlexikon 596</ref>
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