Klorin: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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Baris 19:
* Wisniak, Jaime (2009) "Carl Wilhelm Scheele," ''Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas'', '''40''' (3): 165–173 ; see p. 168: "Early in the seventeenth century Johannes Baptiste van Helmont (1579-1644) mentioned that when sal marin (sodium chloride) or sal ammoniacus and aqua chrysulca (nitric acid) were mixed together, a flatus incoercible (non-condensable gas) was evolved."</ref><ref name="Greenwood789">Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 789–92</ref>
Elemen ini pertama kali dipelajari secara rinci pada tahun 1774 oleh kimiawan Swedia [[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]], dan ia dianggap sebagai penemunya.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Scheele|first1=Carl Wilhelm|date=1774|title=Om Brunsten, eller Magnesia, och dess Egenskaper|trans-title=On braunstein [i.e., pyrolusite, manganese dioxide], or magnesia, and its properties|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015039452910;view=1up;seq=99|journal=Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar [Proceedings of the Royal Scientific Academy]|language=Swedish|volume=35|pages=89–116, 177–194}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015039452910;view=1up;seq=103 In section 6 on pp. 93–94 of his paper], Scheele described how chlorine was produced when a mixture of hydrochloric acid and manganese dioxide (''Brunsten'') was heated: ''"6) (a) På 1/2 uns fint rifven Brunsten slogs 1 uns ren Spiritus salis. … samt lukten fo̊rsvunnen."'' ( 6) (a) On one half ounce of finely ground Braunstein [pyrolusite] was poured one ounce of pure ''spiritus salis'' [spirit of salt, hydrogen chloride]. After this mixture had been standing in the cold for one hour, the acid had assumed a dark brown colour. One part of this solution was poured into a glass, which was placed over the fire. The solution gave off an odour like warm ''aqua regia'' and after one quarter’s hour duration, it was as clear and colourless as water, and the smell had disappeared.) For an English translation of the relevant passages of this article, see: ''The Early History of Chlorine
: 4 HCl + MnO<sub>2</sub> → MnCl<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + Cl<sub>2</sub>
Scheele mengamati beberapa sifat klorin: efek pemutihan pada [[lakmus]], mematikan pada serangga, berwarna kuning-hijau, dan bau mirip dengan [[Air raja|aqua regia]].<ref name="Greenwood792">Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 792–93</ref> Saat itu ia belum berhasil membuat klorin sebagai elemen tersendiri.<ref name="krogt2">{{cite web|url=http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Cl|title=17 Chlorine|publisher=Elements.vanderkrogt.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123003013/http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Cl|archivedate=2010-01-23|deadurl=no|accessdate=2008-09-12|df=}}</ref>
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